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Anatomy > Skull > Flashcards

Skull Flashcards

1
Q

What two divisions can the skull be divided into?

A
  • cranial skeleton and facial skeleton

- facial skeleton includes the mandible

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2
Q

What three layers make up the cranial skeletal bones?

A
  • external table of compact bone
  • diploe (middle spongy layer)
  • internal table of compact bone
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3
Q

What is the a covering AND lining of the skull called?

A
  • periostium
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4
Q

What is the outer later (the covering) of the Periosteum called? What about the inner layer (the lining)?

A
  • outer layer = pericranium

- inner layer = endocranium

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5
Q

Which 8 bones make up the cranial cavity?

A
  • frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital, temporal (2x), and parietal (2x)
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6
Q

Sutures

A
  • immovable joints between most of the bones of the skull
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7
Q

Fontanelles

A
  • the gaps between the bones of the skull in a newborn

- these will eventually form sutures

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8
Q

What is a persistent frontal suture called?

A
  • metopic suture

- normally, when the frontal bones fuse during childhood, they leave no trace of a suture

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9
Q

In the anatomical position, what horizontal plane lines up the lower margins of the orbits and the upper margins of the external acoustic meatus?

A
  • the orbitomeatal plane
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10
Q

What is the flattish part of the temporal bone called?

A
  • squamous temporal

- it is on the external part of the skull

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11
Q

What is located at the start of the zygomatic arch, just in front of the mandibular fossa?

A
  • the tubercle of the root of the zygoma
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12
Q

Which joint is associated with the tubercle of the root of the zygoma?

A
  • the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
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13
Q

Which part of the temporal bone makes up the external acoustic meatus?

A
  • the tympanic part
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14
Q

What is the top part of the skull called? (The part that is often removable in many models)

A
  • the calvaria or the calvarium
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15
Q

Which bones make up the anterior cranial fossa?

A
  • frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones
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16
Q

What passes through the cribriform plates of the ethmoid bone?

A
  • the olfactory nerves (cranial nerve 1)
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17
Q

Which bones make up the middle cranial fossa?

A
  • the sphenoid and temporal bones
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18
Q

What lies in the sella turcica?

A
  • the pituitary gland
19
Q

What four projections surround the sella turcica?

A
  • the clinoid processes (2 anterior and 2 posterior)
20
Q

What lies between the two anterior clinoid processes?

A
  • the chiasmatic groove (for the optic chiasma)
21
Q

The sella turcica actually encompasses the recess AND the four clinoid processes; what is the name of the actual recess itself?

A
  • the hypophysial fossa

- (because the pituitary gland is also known as the hypophysis)

22
Q

Which bones make up the posterior cranial fossa?

A
  • the sphenoid, temporal, parietal, and occipital bones
23
Q

Which parts of the brain are housed in the posterior cranial fossa?

A
  • the hindbrain (cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata)
24
Q

The inferior orbital fissure opens into what area?

A
  • the infratemporal fossa
25
Q

How many processes does the zygomatic bone have? What are they?

A
  • three processes

- frontal, temporal, and maxillary

26
Q

Palatine Process; What does it form?

A
  • the portion of the maxilla that joins two maxilla bones

- it helps form the hard palate

27
Q

What is the rim of the maxilla that carries the teeth of the upper jaw?

A
  • the alveolar process
28
Q

What passes through the infraorbital foramen?

A
  • the infraorbital nerve and artery
29
Q

T or F: the nasal conchae are separate bones from the ethmoid bone.

A
  • true and false!

- the superior and middle conchae are part of the ethmoid bone, but the inferior conchae is separate

30
Q

What lies beneath the superior conchae/turbinate? The middle conchae/turbinate? The inferior conchae/turbinate?

A
  • the superior meatus
  • the middle meatus
  • the inferior meatus
31
Q

Which bones makes up the hard palate?

A
  • the maxilla’s palatine processes

- the palatine bones

32
Q

Lingula

A
  • a small tongue of bone of the mandible that “guards” the mandibular foramen
33
Q

The mylohyoid (the main muscle of the floor of the mouth) attaches to what part of the mandible?

A
  • the mylohyoid line/groove
34
Q

Alveolar Margin

A
  • the part of the mandible that holds the teeth of the lower jaw
  • (don’t get confused with the maxilla’s alveolar process which holds the teeth of the upper jaw)
35
Q

What passes through the hypoglossal foramen/canals?

A
  • the hypoglossal nerves (cranial nerve XII)
36
Q

What passes through the jugular foramen?

A
  • the jugular vein and cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal nerve), X (vagus nerve), and XI (accessory nerve)
37
Q

What passes through the stylomastoid foramen?

A
  • facial nerve (cranial nerve VII)
38
Q

What passes through the carotid canal?

A
  • the internal carotid artery
39
Q

What passes through the foramen lacerum?

A
  • no major structures actually pass through the foramen lacerum
  • the internal carotid artery passes across the top of the foramen
40
Q

What passes through the foramen spinosum?

A
  • the middle meningeal artery passes through INTO the skull
41
Q

What passes through the optic canals?

A
  • the optic nerves (cranial nerve II)
42
Q

What passes through the internal acoustic meatus?

A
  • the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII) and the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII)
43
Q

List all the Cranial Nerves and the foramina they pass through.

A
  • cribriform plate: olfactory nerve (I)
  • optic canal: optic nerve (II)
  • superior orbital fissure: oculomotor nerve (III), trochlear nerve (IV), abducans nerve (VI)
  • trigeminal nerve (V) (a branch of the trigeminal ganglion; does not pass through a foramen; other branches of the ganglion pass through the foramen rotundum and foramen ovale)
  • internal acoustic meatus: facial nerve (VII), auditory/vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
  • jugular foramen: glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), vagus nerve (X), spinal accessory nerve (XI)
  • hypoglossal canal: hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Anatomy (18 decks)

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