skull Flashcards
1
Q
skull types are determined by what
A
- angle of petrous ridges to MSP
- Cephalic index
2
Q
what are the 3 skull types
A
mesocephalic
dolichocephalic
brachycephalic
3
Q
which skull type is “average”
A
mesocephalic
4
Q
cephalic index = ?
A
width (parietal eminences)
/ length (frontal eminence to ionion)
x 100
5
Q
what is the cephalic index of a mesocephalic skull
A
75-80
6
Q
what is the cephalic index of a dolichocephalic skull
A
<75
7
Q
what is the cephalic index of a brachycephalic skull
A
> 80
8
Q
L1
A
glabella
9
Q
L2
A
nasion
10
Q
L3
A
acanthion
11
Q
L4
A
mental point
12
Q
R1
A
supraorbital groove
13
Q
R2
A
superciliary ridge
14
Q
R3
A
interpupillary line
15
Q
L1
A
TEA
16
Q
L2
A
auricle
17
Q
L3
A
tragus
18
Q
R1
A
glabella
19
Q
R2
A
nasion
20
Q
R3
A
acanthion
21
Q
R4
A
mental point
22
Q
R5
A
angle (gonion)
23
Q
what is L and R
A
inner canthion
outer canthion
24
Q
the IPL goes where to where
A
outer canthus to outer canthus
25
what represents the middle of the eye
the outer vanthion
26
what is the significance of the TEA
landmark for the petrous ridges
27
name all 6 lines
glabellomeatal line
orbital-meatal line
intraorbitalmeatal line
acanthomeatal line
lips-meatal line
mentomeatal line
28
the IOML is also known as what
Reid's baseline
29
what is the difference between the GML and OML **
8 degrees
30
what is the difference between the OML and IOML **
7 degrees
31
what is the main way to shield the patient in skull imaging
do it PA
to protect the eyes
32
what could cause the sella turcica to be destroyed
a pituitary tumours
33
on a lateral, what does orbital plates not superimposed indicate
tilt
34
on a lateral what indicates rotation
TMJ not posteriorly superimposed
EAMS on different vertical planes
35
for a PA projection skull, what is the method
ruggles
36
where is the CP on a skull ruggles
halfway between base of skull and vertex
37
what do skull ruggles best demonstrate
internal auditory canal
38
where should the petrous ridges be on a skull ruggles
filling the orbits
39
what angle is used on a skull Caldwell
15 caudad
40
where should the petrous ridges be on a Caldwell
bottom 1/3 of orbits
41
what does a skull Caldwell best deomnstrate
sup orbital fissures
42
line 1
0
43
line 2
5
44
line 3
10
45
line 4
15
46
line five
20
47
where should the CP pass for a towne
2" above EAMS
48
what angle is used for a skull towne
30 caudad
49
what is demonstrated on a skull towne
dorsum sellae and posterior clinoid process within the foramen magnum
50
what do you line up on the patient for a SMV
glabelloaveolar line parallel to CR or perp to IR
51
what needs to be checked before doing an SMV
if any hx of neck injury
52
what does the schuller method deomnstrate
odontoid process within the foramen magnum
53
what should be superimposed on an SMV
mental protruberance and frontal bone
54
what do you NOT repeat for on a lateral
extnesion
55
what do you NOT repeat for on a ruggles, Caldwell, towne
tilt
56
what do you NOT repeat for on an SMV
rotation
