si joints, sacrum, coccyx, scoliosis Flashcards
what is the angle used for AP SI joints on MALES
30 cephalad
what is the angle used for AP SI joints on FEMALES
35deg cephalad
what is done differently when imaging SI joints PA
angle switches from cephalad to caudad
what angle of pbliquity is used for AP oblique SI joints
25-30 degrees
which side is Dems in AP oblique SI joints
the RAISED side
what pt prep is done for an AP axial sacrum
empty bladder
maybe; cleansing enema
what angle is used for an AP axial sacrum
15 degrees cephalad
what angle is used for an AP coccyx
10 degrees caudad
what angle is used for a lateral sacrum/coccyx
small caudad
align to pass through both PSIS
what are 4 causes of scoliosis
idiopathic
functional
neuromuscular
degenerative
what is idiopathic scoliosis
spontaneous
when does idiopathic scoliosis generally appear
during adolescence
what is neuromuscular scoliosis
Neuromuscular scoliosis occurs due to underlying neurological or muscular disorders, which cause muscle weakness or imbalance
what is functional scoliosis
Functional scoliosis is caused by a problem outside the spine itself
aka nonstructural scoliosis.
whatare the 2 scoliosis classifications
- structural (secondary or compensatory)
- nonstructural
what is non-structural scoliosis
temporary, due to something else
when does non-structural scoliosis disappear
when supine, side bending, or when cause is removed
where to vertebral bodies rotate in cases of scoliosis
towards the convex side of the curve
what is the minimum distance for a PA scoliosis
150 cm
how do you find a Cobb angle?
draw lines on the most tilted vertebrae
add 90 from each
measure the intersection to find the Cobb angle
what is a normal Cobb angle
<20 degrees
what Cobb angle is acceptable for using a brace
20-40 degrees
what are rods and spinal fusion required
when Cobb angle exceeds 40-50 degrees
