cervical and thoracic spine Flashcards
what is DDD
degenerative disc disease
what is “whiplash”
ligament damage to MVC and MVA
what are the 4 lines drawn to check alignment
spinolaminar line
posterior cortex line
anterior cortex line
prevertebral line
what is the effect of an injury to C1-5
quadriplegia
respiratory paralysis
what is the effect of an injury to C5-8
paraplegia
some arm paralysis
what is the effect of an injury to T1-12
paraplegia
no bowel/bladder control
what is the effect of an injury to L1-5
loss of some fn in hips/legs
little/no bladder and bowel control
at what level is the Adams apple
C4-5
how much of T1 needs to be visible on a lateral c spine
1/3 of T1
what 2 major things are seen on a lateral c spine
cervical disc spaces
zygapophyseal joints
when is a swimmer’s done
when C7/T1 disc space is not fully shown
what angle may be required for a swimmer’s c-spine, and when
3-5deg caudad
if remote shoulder cannot be depressed enough
what are the oblique c-spine rules?
up, up, up, up
and
down, down, down, down
what is the up rule
15-20deg CEPHALAD
markers face UP
RPO/LPO done standing UP
shows RAISED side
where do markers go on an oblique c-spine
in the middle of each side
how is the oblique c-spine angle obtained?
from the lateral view
what is the down rule?
pt sitting DOWN
markers face DOWN
CR 15-20deg CAUDAD
interforamina DOWN is demsd
how do you assess rotation on an AP axial cspine
spinous processes equidistant to the pedicles
what do you line up on an AP open mouth
lower edge f top teeth, and base of skull
what does the AP open mouth demonstrate
atlas and axis
what must be superimposed on a successful AP open mouth
upper occlusal plane and the base of the skull
what is the FUCHS method
follows an AP open mouth when dens is obscured
what is seen in a FUCHS method
the dens within the foramen magnum
what are hyperflexion and extension views for
functional stusies- assessing flexibility and instability
