Skinner: Behavioral Analysis Flashcards
denial of experiences can be rewarding because it does remove the aversive stimuli/feelings of anxiety over punishment.
Unconscious Behavior
simply the result of random
Creativity
three forces of human behavior:
Natural Selection
Cultural Practices
Individuals history of reinforcement
is shaped by three forces.
Human Behavior
human behavior can be exceedingly complex
Complex behavior
find it difficult to become involved in intimate personal relationship, tend to be mistrustful of people, and prefer to live lovely lives of noninvolvement.(moving away)
Escape
increases our chance to survive are reinforced therefore lingers and be passed down.
Cultural Evolution
behaviors that are reinforcing (keeps us alive) tend to linger and be passed down.
Natural Selection
the removal of an aversive stimulus from a situation also increases the probability that the preceding behavior will occur.
Negative Reinforcement
defined as the tendency of a previously acquired response to become progressively weakened upon non reinforcement.
Extinction
Schedule of Reinforcement
Continuous Schedule
Intermittent Schedule
it is reinforced after the nth response on the average.
Variable Ratio
are physically felt stimuli within the organism and not mentalistic events responsible for behavior.
Purpose and Intention
is a clear departure from the highly speculative psychodynamic theories.
Behavioral Analysis
any stimulus that, when added to a situation, increases the probability that a given behavior will occur
Positive Reinforcement
three basic counteracting strategies:
Escape
Revolt
Passive resistance
is a procedure in which the experimenter or the environment first rewards gross approximations of the behavior, then closer approximations, and finally the desired behavior itself.
Shaping
moving against
Revolt
contingencies of reinforcement and survival.
Emotions
is the immediate reinforcement of a response.
Operant Conditioning
an individual’s behavior is controlled by environmental contingencies.
Control of Human Behavior
follow from self defeating techniques of counteracting social control or from unsuccessful attempts at self control, especially when either of these failures is accompanied by strong emotion.
Inappropriate Behavior
membership in a social group is not always reinforcing yet, for at three reasons, some people remain a member of a group.
social behavior
allows for an interpretation of behavior but not an explanation of its causes
Science behaviorism
each of us is controlled by a variety of social forces and techniques.
Social Control
there is a pattern on when the reinforcement is given
Intermittent Schedule
Passive aggressive, the most annoying one
Passive Resistance
is the presentation of an aversive stimulus, such as an electric shock, or the removal of a positive one, such as disconnecting an adolescent’s telephone.
Punishment
such as feelings of love, anxiety, or fear.
Inner States
a response is drawn out of the organism by a specific, identifiable stimulus.
Classical Conditioning/ Respondent Conditioning
involves covert behavior and often requires the person to covertly manipulate the relevant variables until the correct solution is found.
Higher Mental process
the organism is reinforced for the first response following a designated period of time.
Fixed Interval
is reinforcing when repressed sexual or aggressive stimuli are allowed expression.
Dreams
every time the behavior is done, the organism is rewarded/reinforced
Continuous Schedule
an unconditioned stimulus a number of times until it is capable of bringing about a previously unconditioned response.
Classical Conditioning
four basic intermittent schedule
fixed ratio
variable ratio
fixed interval
variable interval
we can control ourselves by controlling our environment
Self Control
the techniques of social control and self control sometimes produce detrimental effects, which results in
The Unhealthy Personality
Skinner believed that humans not only have consciousness but are also aware of their consciousness.
Self-awareness
Has two effects: it strengthens the behavior and it rewards the person.
Reinforcement
refer to the effects of deprivation and satiation
Drives
is one in which the organism is reinforced after the lapse of random or varied periods of time.
Variable Interval
when social control is excessive, people can use three basic strategies for counteracting it.
Counteracting Strategies
a behavior is made more likely to recur when it is immediately reinforced.
Operant Conditioning
the organism is reinforced intermittently according to the number of responses it makes
Fixed Ratio
