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2nd Year - Dermatology > Skin Structure and Function 6 - Anatomy of Leg Circulation > Flashcards

Skin Structure and Function 6 - Anatomy of Leg Circulation Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What are the names of the 2 types of fascia that are located below the skin?

A

Superficial fascia

Deep fascia

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2
Q

What is another name for the superficial fascia?

A

Subcutaneous tissue

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3
Q

What is the superficial fascia composed of? (2)

A

Loose connective tissue and fat

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4
Q

What is the deep fascia composed of?

A

Dense connective tissue

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5
Q

What are intermuscular septum?

A

Extensions of the deep fascia that splits the muscle in the limbs into different compartments

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6
Q

How does inter muscular septa affect venous return?

A

It aids it

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7
Q

What is the order of the arterial supply in the arm from proximal to distal?

A 
Subclavian
Axillary
Brachial
Ulnar + Radial
Superficial palmar arch + deep palmar arch
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8
Q

What are the names for the veins that can be seen on the posterior aspect of the hand?

A

Dorsal venous network

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9
Q

What is the distal vein located on the medial side of the arm?

A

Basilic vein

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10
Q

What is the distal vein located on the lateral side of the arm?

A

Cephalic vein

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11
Q

What is the vein connecting the cephalic and basilic vein?

A

Median cubital vein

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12
Q

What is the name of the veins that accompany the brachial artery?

A

Venae comitantes (pulsation of artery aids venous return)

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13
Q

What is the name for the vein under the armpit?

A

Axillary vein

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14
Q

What is the name of the vein proximal to the axillary vein?

A

Subclavian vein

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15
Q

What is distal to the radial artery?

A

Deep palmar arch

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16
Q

What is distal to the ulnar artery?

A

Superficial palmar arch

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17
Q

What is the name of the artery that the profunda femoris branches off?

A

Superficial femoral artery

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18
Q

What is the name for the deep artery of the thigh that branches off of the superficial femoral artery?

A

Produnda femoris

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19
Q

What is the adductor hiatus?

A

A gap between the adductor magnus muscle and femor that allows the passage of the femoral good vessels

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20
Q

What is the name of the continuation of the femoral artery after the knee?

A

Popliteal artery

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21
Q

What does the popliteal artery dive into?

A

posterior and anterior tibial arteries

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22
Q

What branches from the posterior tibial artery above the ankle joints?

A

Fibular artery

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23
Q

what doe the posterior tibial artery branch into after the ankle joint?

A

Medial plantar and lateral plantar arteries

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24
Q

What does the anterior tibial artery branch into after the ankle joint?

A

Dorsalis pedis and arcuate artery

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25
Q

What are the 2 main superficial veins of the leg?

A

Great saphenous vein

Small saphenous vein

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26
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein arise from?

A

Dorsal venous arch along medial aspect of limb

27
Q

What are the 2 main deep veins of the leg - running proximal to distal?

A

Femoral vein

Popliteal vein

28
Q

Where does the small saphenous vein run?

A

From dorsal venous arch along posterior midline of leg

29
Q

Does the great saphenous vein run infront or behind the medial or lateral malleolus?

A

Infront of the medial malleolus

30
Q

where does the great saphenous vein drain into?

A

Femoral vein around the femoral triangle

31
Q

Where does the small saphenous vein drain to?

A

Popliteal vein posterior to the knee

32
Q

How does blood flow from superficial veins into deep veins?

A

through perforating veins

33
Q

what helps to push blood back towards the heart?

A

musculovenous pump

34
Q

What do venous valves ensure?

A

Unidirectional blood flow against gravity

35
Q

What does incompetent valves cause?

A

Reverse blood flow into superficial veins = weak and dilated vessels = varicose veins

36
Q

Does the small saphenous vein lie infront or behind the medial or lateral malleolus?

A

Behind the lateral malleolus

37
Q

What is an end artery?

A

The only blood supply to a given area of the body (no collaterals)

38
Q

what type of arteries are digital arteries?

A

End arteries

39
Q

what does untreated occlusion of an end artery result in?

A

infarction of the area of tissue it supplies

40
Q

What type of local anaesthetic should you not use near end arteries?

A

Adrenaline-containing local anaesthetic

41
Q

What are the 2 pulse points on the upper limb?

A

Brachial

Radial

42
Q

What are the 4 pulse points on the lower limb?

A

Femoral
Popliteal
Posterior tibial
Dorsalis pedis

43
Q

What is iscahemia?

A

Inadequate oxygenation of cells/ tissues. organ due to an interruption to blood supply (venous or arterial)

44
Q

What can cause reduced arterial perfusion pressure?

A

Left ventricular failure
Arterial bleed (injury)
Arterial rupture (aneurysm)
Occlusion of lumen (atherosclerosis: PVD)
Arterial spasm
Extrenal compression of arterial supply e.g. tumour

45
Q

What causes increased venous drainage pressure?

A

Right (or congestive) cardiac failure
DVT
External compression

46
Q

How is DVT caused?

A

Immobility/ venous failure of any cause ->
Chronic venous insufficiency ->
Deep venous stasis

47
Q

How is skin ulceration caused?

A

Immobility of any cause/ venous valve failure of any cause ->
Chronic venous insufficiency ->
Superficial microcirculatory deficiencies ->
Skin ulceration

48
Q

How does increased venous pressure lead to venous ulceration?

A

Increased pressure causes damaged blood vessels in skin
Skin becomes dry, itchy and inflamed
This cannot heal well due to poor blood supply
Begins to breakdown

49
Q

Where is the most common site of venous ulceration?

A

the gaiter area - medial aspect of distal leg

50
Q

What does the lymphatics generally follow in the limbs?

A

Veins

51
Q

Name for lymph nodes around the median cubital vein?

A

Cubital nodes

52
Q

Name for the 2 types of lymph nodes in the arm pit?

A

Lateral axillary nodes (lower)

Apical axillary nodes (Higher)

53
Q

Name for lymph nodes behind the knee?

A

Popliteal nodes

54
Q

Name for lymph nodes in the groin?

A

superficial and deep inguinal nodes

55
Q

What is the standard method of removal of small skin lesions?

A

Elliptical excision

56
Q

Complications of elliptical incision? (2)

A

Nerve injury

Bleeding (superficial veins)

57
Q

What are the lines that can be used to map the skin showing the orientation of the collagen fibres and therefore skin tension?

A

Langer lines

58
Q

What degree angle should be left between the 2 incision of an elliptical excision?

A

30 degrees

59
Q

At what angle should the scalpel blade cut to the skin when making an elliptical excision?

A

90 degrees

60
Q

When making an elliptical excision, what should be done once the sides of the ellipse are cut?

A

Base should be cut through using scissors and pulling ellipse gently with skin hooks

61
Q

How is the wound closed when carrying out an elliptical excision?

A

with simple interrupted sutures

62
Q

What structure does lymphatics tend to follow in the limbs?

A

Veins

63
Q

what structure does lymphatics tend to follow in the trunk?

A

Arteries

2nd Year - Dermatology (16 decks)

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