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2nd Year - Dermatology > Skin Structure and Function 1 > Flashcards

Skin Structure and Function 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 components of skin in mammals?

A 
Epidermis
Dermo-epidermal junction
Dermis
Sub-cutis
Appendages
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2
Q

What layer of the skin makes up the epithelium?

A

Epidermis

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3
Q

What type of epithelium is the epidermis?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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4
Q

Is the epidermis or dermis more cellular?

A

Epidermis

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5
Q

What of the 4 basic tissue types is the dermis?

A

Connective tissue

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6
Q

What is the sub-cutis mainly composed of?

A

Fat

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7
Q

What are the 4 skin appendages?

A

Nails
Hair
Glands
Mucosae

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8
Q

What type of epithelium lines the blood vessels?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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9
Q

Where is glandular epithelium found in the skin?

A

In sweat and sebaceous glands

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10
Q

What is the periderm?

When does this generally disappear?

A

Outer layer of the bilaminar foetal epidermis

Before birth

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11
Q

What does the epidermis form from in the embryo?

A

Ectoderm cells form a single layer of periderm

There is a gradual increase in layers of cells before the periderm is cast off

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12
Q

What is the ectoderm?

A

One of 3 primary germ layers in the very early embryo

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13
Q

What is the embryonic origin of the dermis?

A

Mesoderm

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14
Q

What is the neural crest?

A

A temporary group of cells unique to vertebrates that arise from the embryonic ectoderm cell layer and in turn give rise to a diverse cell lineage

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15
Q

What is the embryonic origin of melanocytes?

A

Neural crest

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16
Q

At 4 weeks, what layers is the skin made up of? (3)

A

Periderm
Basal layer
Dermis (corium)

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17
Q

At 16 weeks, what layers is the skin made up of? (5)

A 
Keratin Layer
Granular layer
Prickle ell Layer
Basal Layer
Dermis
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18
Q

At how many weeks is the skin fully formed with appendages?

A

26 weeks

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19
Q

What is the basal layer formed from?

A

Basal keratinocyte cells (“Stem cells of the skin”) and melanocytes

20
Q

What “lines” show the developmental growth pattern of skin?

A

Blaschko’s lines - don’t follow vessels, nerves or lymphatics

21
Q

What forms the basement membrane of the epithelium (epidermis)?

A

the demo-epidermal junction

22
Q

How thick is the epidermis?

A

Very thin - 1.5mm thick

23
Q

What cells make up 95% of the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes

24
Q

what structural protein does keratinocytes contain?

A

Keratin

25
Q

Apart from keratinocytes, what other cells does the epidermis contain? (3)

A

Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells

26
Q

What are melanocytes?

A

Melanin producing cells

27
Q

What are lagerhans cells?

A

Dendritic cells

28
Q

What are merkel cells?

A

Mechanoreceptors

29
Q

What are the 4 layers of the epidermis with their Latin name?

A 
Keratin layer (stratum corneum)
Granular layer (stratum granulosum)
Prickle cell layer (stratum spinosum)
Basal layer (stratum basale/ germinativum)
30
Q

How many cells thick is the basal layer generally?

A

1 cell thick

31
Q

What is the ratio of melanocytes to basal cells in the basal layer?

A

1:10

32
Q

what do basal cells contain lots of?

A

intermediate filaments - parts of the cytoskeleton

33
Q

What shape are prickle cells?

A

Polyhedral

34
Q

What does the pricked cell layer have lots of between cells?

A

Desmosomes (connections)

35
Q

How many layers of cells does the granular layer have?

A

2-3 layers of flatter cells

36
Q

What type of cells make up the granular layer of the skin?

A

Keratinocytes known as granular cells

37
Q

What do granular cells contain? (2)

A

Large keratohyalin granules

Odland bodies

38
Q

What 2 things are contained within the large keratohyalin granules of granular cells?

A

Filagrrin

Involucrin proteins

39
Q

What are odland bodies?

Other name for these?

A

A type of epithelial organelle with a high lipid content

Lamellar bodies

40
Q

What cells make up the keratin layer?

What are these?

A

Corneocytes

Type of terminally differentiated keratinocyte that is non-nucleated

41
Q

What is the name for the outer part of a corneocyte that makes up the outer layer of the epidermis?

A

Cornified envelope - made from keratin

42
Q

What creates the tight waterproof barrier of the keratin layer?

A

Lamellar granules release lipid

43
Q

Where are keratinocytes produced?

A

in the basal layer

44
Q

What controls the balance between cells in/ out e.g. keratinocyte production at the basal layer? (3)
What 2 conditions are caused by a loss in this control?

A 
Growth factors
Hormones
Cell death 
Skin cancer
Psoriasis
45
Q

What causes white plaques in the oral mucosa?

A

Thickening of the oral epidermis

2nd Year - Dermatology (16 decks)

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