Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2 MBChB Dermatology > Skin Structure > Flashcards

Skin Structure Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What type of epithelium is skin?

A

Stratified sqaumous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the 4 layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep?

A

Strateum corneum
Granular
Prickle cell
Basal cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How thick is the epidermis + what cell accounts for 95% + what do they differentiate into?

A

1.5 mm
Keratinocyte
Corneocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many days does it take for a keratinocyte to migrate from the basal layer to the strateum corneum?

A

28

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is special about corneocytes + explain?

A

No nuclei

Lost at granular cell layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What organelle is found in the strateum corneum and granular layer + function + role in each layer?

A

Lamellar/ Odland bodies
Secrete lipids
SC = form waterproof seal
GCL = trap water to provide moisture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the keratin layer at its thickest?

A

Palms and soles of feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What shape of keratinocytes are found in the granular layer + type of granule and contents?

A

Flat cells
Keratohyalin granules
Fillagrin and involucrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What shape of keratinocytes are found in the prickle cell layer + key layer feature + resident APC?

A

Polyhedral
Desmosomes
Langerhans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Most metabolically active layer responsible for epidermal proliferation?

A

Basal cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Shape of basal cell layer keratinocytes + arrangement?

A

Cuboidal

Single layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name 4 other features of the basal cell layer?

A

Hemidesmosomes
Laminin
Collagen IV
Free nerve endings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is the epidermis vascularised?

A

By the vessels within the papillary dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of tissue is the DEJ + 2 layers?

A

Connective tissue
Lamina lucida
Lamina densa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What anchors the basal cell layer to the DEJ?

A

Hemidesmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of ground substance + what does it contain/not contain?

A

Fill the space between fibres and cells

All the components of the extracellular matrix EXCEPT from fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name the 3 main components + 3 main cells of the DEJ?

A

Ground substance
Collagen
Elastin

Fibroblasts
Mast cells
Macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Explain how wrinkles form.

A

Damage to collagen/elastin forms long fibres. Further damage forms short fibres (wrinkles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What 2 types of collagens are found in the dermis + what are they made by?

A

Type I
Type III
Fibroblasts

20
Q

What are anchoring fibrils made of + attachments?

A

Type VII collagen

DEJ to type III collagen in dermis

21
Q

Name the 2 layers of the dermis from superficial to deep?

A

Papillary

Reticular

22
Q

Function of the papillary vs reticular dermis?

A

Projects into the epidermis

Contains more fibre for support

23
Q

Which layer of skin contains the free nerve ending + most nerves and vessels?

A

Basal cell layer

Dermis

24
Q

What specialised nerve is found in the papillary dermis + what does it feel?

A

Meissener’s corpuscle

Light touch and vibration

25
Q

What specialised nerve is found in the reticular dermis + what does is feel + shape?

A

Pacinian corpuscle
Deep pressure
Onion

26
Q

Blood supply is less than metabolic needs of the dermis. True or False?

A

False - blood supply greater than metabolic needs

27
Q

Where are melanocytes mainly found + explain the production, transfer and function of melanin.

A

Basal cell layer
Melanosomes convert tyrosine to melanin
Dendrites transfer melanin onto nucleus of adjacent
Acts as protection against UV radiation

28
Q

Name the 2 types of melanin + colour.

A 
Eumelanin = brown/black/blue
Phaeomelanin = red/pink/yellow
29
Q

Where do Langerhans cell originate + 3 places found + type of cell + key organelle?

A

Bone marrow
Prickle cell layer, dermis, lymph nodes
APC
Birbeck/ racket granule

30
Q

What layer and position are Merkel cells found + type of cell + what causes cancer of these cells?

A

Basal cell layer between a keratinocyte + nerve
Mechanoreceptors
Viral infection

31
Q

Explain the stem of the pilosebaceous unit in the dermis.

A

Papilla stemming from matrix with blood vessels

32
Q

Name the layers of a hair from internal to external.

A

Medulla
Cortex
Internal root sheath
External root sheath

33
Q

Name 2 associated structures of the pilosebaceous unit + function.

A

Arrector pili muscle = movement

Sebaceous gland = lubrication

34
Q

Name the 3 types and meanings of hair growth phase (ACT) + meaning + which phase is 90% of hairs in?

A 
Anagen = growing = 90% of hairs
Catagen = involuting
Telogen = resting
35
Q

Name the 3 types of hair (LVT) + where they are found.

A

Lanugo = foetus
Vellus (fine hair over body)
Terminal (coarse hair on scalp, axilla etc.)

36
Q

Name the main component of hair and nails.

A

Keratin

37
Q

How fast to fingernails grow each day + are toenails slower or faster?

A

0.1 mm

Slower

38
Q

Name the 3 regions of nail.

A

Matrix
Nail root
Nail Plate

39
Q

Name for the white semi-circle part of the nail, cuticle and area where free edge meets skin.

A

Lanula
Eponychium
Hyponychium

40
Q

Where does the epidermis, dermis and melanocytes originate from in embryology?

A 
Epidermis = ectoderm cells forming single layer periderm
Dermis = mesoderm
Melanocytes = neural crest
41
Q

Name the layers of the skin at 4 weeks.

A

Periderm
Basal layer
Dermis

42
Q

By what week have all the skin layers formed and melanocytes migrated + week when appendages form?

A

Week 16

Week 26

43
Q

What are Blaschko’s lines?

A

Direction of skin growth that does not follow vessels or nerves

44
Q

Name the 3 types of skin gland and secretion + which is the most common?

A 
Eccrine = sweat = most common
Sebaceous = lubricant 
Apocrine = odorous fluid
45
Q

Difference in eccrine and sebaceous gland control?

A 
Eccrine = sympathetic
Sebaceous = hormonal
46
Q

Where are sebaceous glands found + 3 functions?

A

Next to pilosebaceous unit
Lubricates hair follicle
Moisture loss
Prevents fungal infection

47
Q

When do apocrine glands develop + what do they produce + only 3 places found?

A

Puberty
Scent
Axilla, genitals, nipples

Year 2 MBChB Dermatology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions