Dermatology Drugs Flashcards
What is the general rule of topical skin treatments + creams/lotions etc are examples of what?
Ointment if dry Cream if wet Drug vehicles (the carrier NOT the drug itself)
What 3 things are creams made from + benefit?
Oil, water + preservative
Cooling
What 2 things are ointments made from + benefit?
Oil/grease + soft paraffin
Restrict water loss
What 2 things are gels made from?
Lotion + polymer
What topical treatment should EVERYONE use + how much per week + risk?
Emollients
500 g
Fire risk due to paraffin
Are topical steroids hydrophobic/philic and lipophilic/phobic?
Hydrophobic
Lipophilic
Summary of steroid mechanism?
Binds GR alpha subunit in cytoplasm
HSP90 dissociates
Importins translocate steroid to nucleus
Binds to GRE in promoter region of DNA
Name 6 skin S/Es of topical steroids.
Atrophy Infection Stretch marks Telangiectasia Acne rosacea Rebound psoriasis
Who is more affected by steroid atrophy + worst place?
Kids
Face
What is a fingertip + whole body measurement for topical steroids?
500 mg
20-30 g
Name a mild topical steroid.
Hydrocortisone 1%
Name a moderate topical steroid (+ product name).
Clobetasone butyrate 0.05% (Eumovate)
Name 2 potent topical steroids (+ product names).
Mometasone furoate 0.1% (Elocon)
Betamethasone valerate 0.1% (Betnovate)
Name a very potent steroid (+ product name) and 2 endocrine effects after stopping use.
Clobetasol propionate 0.05% (Dermovate)
Cushing’s and Addisonian withdrawal
Name an anti-yeast drug.
Nystatin
Name 5 anti-fungal drugs.
Terbinafine Amorolfine Clotrimazole (Canestan) Fluconazole Itraconazole
Name a drug used to soften keratin.
Salicylic acid
Name 3 anti-pruritic drugs.
Menthol
Capsaicin
Camphor/Phenol
Name 2 2nd gen. anti-histamines.
Loratadine
Cetirizine
Name 2 mild acne topical treatments + what they are.
Benzoyl peroxide
Azelaic acid
Keratolytics + antibacterials
What are topical retinoids + name 2.
Vitamin A derivatives
Tretinoin
Adapalene
Name an oral retinoid + 3 S/Es.
Isotretinoin
Teratrogenic
Depression
Makes acne worse
Name 2 calcneurin inhibitors.
Tacrolimus
Pimecrolimus
Name 2 vitamin D analogues + 1 vitamin A analogue + 1 keratolytic used for psoriasis.
Calcipotriol
Calcitriol
Dithranol
Coal tar
Name 3 drugs which can cause pustular drug eruptions.
Glucocorticoids
Androgens
Hypertensives
Name 4 drugs which can cause fixed (round) drug eruptions.
Tetracycline antibiotics
Paracetamol
NSAIDs
Carbamazepine (anti-epileptic)
Is the strateum corneum lipophilic/phobic + what drugs does it absorb + what can aid drug absorption?
Lipophilic
Hydrophobic
Excipients
Name the 3 routes of administering skin medication + what is the principle mechanism for penetrating strateum corneum?
Topical, intradermal and subcutaneous
Intercellular (between corneocytes)
What is the best absorption combination for drug + vesicle since it must leave the vesicle to be abdorbed?
Lipophillic drug
Hydrophillic/lipophobic vehicle
Name 3 abx used for acne.
Doxycycline
Erythromycin
Clindamycin
Rate of absorption of a topically administered drug = … ? Explain what the components represent.
J = Kp x Cv Kp = permeability coefficient Cv = concn of drug in vehicle
Name 2 drugs used for pre-cancerous lesions + brand names.
5-fluorouracil (Efudix)
Imiquimod (Aldara)
Name 2 side effects of topical steroids getting into eyes.
Cataracts
Glaucoma
Generally, a potent steroid should be used for …/… and mild/moderate should be used for …/…/…?
Trunk and limbs
Face, genitals and flexures
