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Year 2 MBChB Dermatology > Skin Lumps > Flashcards

Skin Lumps Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is the ABCDE of skin lumps?

A 
Asymmetry
Border/Bleeds
Colour
Diameter
Evolution
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2
Q

Which skin cancer does chronic, intermittent, burning and artificial UV light predispose to?

A

Chronic = SCC
Intermittent and burning = BCC and melanoma
Artificial = all 3

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3
Q

Where are organ transplant patients most likely to get skin cancer + what type?

A

Hands

SCC

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4
Q

What histology do all SCC precursors show + name 3 treatments?

A

Squamous dysplasia
5-flurouracil
Imiquimod
Liquid nitrogen

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5
Q

What is actinic keratosis + how does it present + 3 places it commonly affects?

A

Partial thickness dysplasia
Red scales
Scalp, face and arms

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6
Q

What is Bowen’s disease + how does it present + who and where does it commonly affect?

A

Carcinoma-in-situ
Red plaque
Females
Lower leg

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7
Q

What is seborrheic keratosis also know as + appearance + 2 histological signs?

A

Basal cell papilloma
Stuck on raisin
Hyperkeratosis and horn cysts

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8
Q

What is Leser-Trelat sign?

A

Sudden multiple seb Ks indicating malignancy

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9
Q

What is melanoma + mutation + who is it more common in?

A

Cancer of basal melanocytes
B-Raf
Women

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10
Q

Which genes are associated with familial melanoma?

A

CDKN2A and CDK4

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11
Q

2 ways melanoma spreads + 3 most common places?

A

Blood or lymph

Lungs, liver and brain

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12
Q

Name the 2 growth phases of melanoma + which one can metastasise?

A

Vertical - can metastasise

Horizontal

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13
Q

Name the 4 types of melanoma (+ most common) and which growth phases they go through.

A

Superficial (most common), acral/mucosal and lentigo = grow horizontally then vertically
Nodular = grows vertically

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14
Q

Which scale is used for cancer referrals + when do you refer?

A

Glasgow scale

> 3 points or 1 if suspicious

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15
Q

What are the 7 categories of the Glasgow scale?

A 
Size
Shape
Colour
Inflammation
Crusting/bleeding
Sensory change
> 7mm
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16
Q

What is used after skin biopsy to determine severity of cancer + where is the measurement to and from?

A

Breslow thickness

Granular layer to deepest tumour cell

17
Q

What is pTis and survival rate + what does pT”b” mean?

A

CIC
100%
Ulceration

18
Q

What is the 5-year survival rate for pT1, pT4 and metastasis?

A

95-100%
50%
6%

19
Q

Treatment for melanoma if < 1 mm deep + > 1mm deep or mitoses?

A

< 1mm = removal with 1-2cm margin
> 1mm = removal + sentinal node biopsy + lymphadenectomy (if +VE)
Chemotherapy (if needed)

20
Q

Name 2 B-Raf inhibitors + an MEK inhibitor.

A

Dabrafenib and vemurafenib

Trametinib

21
Q

What is the most common skin cancer + what is it?

A

BCC

Cancer of the basal keratonocytes

22
Q

What is BCC in terms of mutation, speed, metastasis, and general appearance?

A

PTCH1
Slow progressing
No metastasis
Nodular with ulceration and arborizing blood vessels

23
Q

Name 4 types of BCC.

A

Superficial
Pigmented
Nodular
Locally invasive

24
Q

2 histological signs of BCC?

A

Groups of basal cells in dermis

Peripheral palisading

25
Q

What is the treatment for nodular + superficial BCC?

A

Surgical removal

Imiquimod/5-fu/liquid nitrogen

26
Q

Which drug blocks the PTCH1 hedgehog pathway?

A

Vismodegib

27
Q

What is SCC and what is it in terms of speed, metastasis and general appearance?

A

Cancer of the superficial keratinocytes
Fast growing
Metastasis in 5%
Warty, hyperkeratotic lump

28
Q

Which 3 places of SCC have a poorer prognosis?

A

Lip, ear and scalp

29
Q

Treatment for SCC?

A

Surgical removal + radiotherapy

30
Q

What does one + 2 defective copies of the MCR1 gene cause?

A 
1 = freckles (ephilides)
2 = red hair + freckles
31
Q

What are actinic/solar lentigines known as + cause + histology?

A

Age or liver spots
Increased melanin via sun exposure
Elongated rete ridges

32
Q

Name 3 types of naevus + where they are + who they are seen in + how they form.

A

Junctional = DEJ = kids
Compound = DEJ + dermis = teen
Intradermal = dermis = adult
Keratinocyte: melanocyte ratio breaks down leading to dense clusters of melanocytes

33
Q

What is the treatment for congenital naevi + why?

A

Surgical removal

Risk of melanoma

34
Q

What are the 2 superficial signs of a dysplastic naevus>?

A

> 6 mm

Atypical colour/borders

35
Q

Name 3 rare types of naevus + their associated cells.

A 
Halo = lymphocytes
Blue = pigmented spindle cells
Spitz = spindle or epitheliod cells

Year 2 MBChB Dermatology (8 decks)

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