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Year 2 MBChB Dermatology > Skin Infection > Flashcards

Skin Infection Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Name 3 normal skin commensals.

A

Staph epidermidis
Propionibacterium
Corynebacterium

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2
Q

Give 2 examples of coagulase +ve and 3 of -ve staph + which normally needs abx.

A

Epidermidis and saprophyticus

Aureus, MSSA and MRSA (abx)

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3
Q

What is the abx for staph aureus and MSSA vs MRSA?

A

FLUCLOXACILLIN

Doxycyline, co-trimoxazole, clinda/vancomycin

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4
Q

Name 3 infections of the hair follicle caused by staph aureus.

A

Folliculitis
Furuncles
Carbuncles

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5
Q

What is the name of the staph aureus infection causing a golden crust with contagious discharge?

A

Impetigo

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6
Q

Name 4 staph aureus toxins.

A

alpha-toxin (haemolysin)
TSST-1
PVL
SSST

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7
Q

What is TSST-1 and what does it cause?

A

Superantigen

Mass cytokines release

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8
Q

Which 2 antigens are associated with necrotising pneumonia?

A

PVL and alpha-toxin

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9
Q

Which toxin causes widespread blisters and skin failure in a newborn?

A

SSST

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10
Q

Which system and antigen are streptococci classified by + what are the groups?

A

Lancefield system and M antigen
Alpha, beta and gamma
Beta divided into A, B and C

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11
Q

What is the bacteria species of group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus (GAS) + where is it found + treatment?

A

Strep. pyogenes
Pharynx
Penicillin or doxycycline

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12
Q

Which streptococcus toxin causes necrotising fasciitis + treatment?

A 
Streptolysin S (SLS)
Debridement + abx
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13
Q

What is the cause of type 1 and type 2 necrotising fasciitis + x-ray sign?

A

Type 1 = anaerobes and coliforms after abdo surgery
Type 2 = GAS
Gas in soft tissue

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14
Q

Name 2 abx that can cover anaerobes.

A

Clindamycin

Metronidazole

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15
Q

What are the 3 fungi which can cause ringworm starting with the most common.

A

Tricophyton rubrum
Tricophyton mentagraphytes
Microsporum canis

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16
Q

What area of the body is affected in tinea capitis, corporis, cruris, pedis and unguium?

A 
Head
Body
Groin
Foot
Nail
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17
Q

Name 2 tests + treatment for general, nail and scalp ringworm.

A 
Wood's lamp
Scraping and culture
General = topical clotrimazole
Nails = amorolfine
Scalp = oral terbinafine + itraconazole
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18
Q

Treatments for mild vs severe candida yeast infection.

A

Topical clotrimazole

Oral fluconazole

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19
Q

Which parasite causes scabies + incubation period + key sign + 2 treatment (+ exception)?

A

Sarcoptes scabiei
6 weeks
Burrows/tracts
Malathion or benzoyl benzoate (not in kids)

20
Q

What is the other name for lice + treatment?

A

Pediculosis

Malathion

21
Q

Which virus causes chickenpox and shingles + where does it lie dormant?

A

Varicella zoster virus (VZV)

Dorsal root ganglia of spine

22
Q

Who is chickenpox seen in + what does it affect?

A

Children and immunosuppressed

Sensory nerve endings

23
Q

How does neonatal VZV occur + 2 treatments for mum?

A

Secondary to chickenpox in mum

VZV immune globulin or aciclovir

24
Q

Name 3 complications of chickenpox.

A

Secondary bacterial infection
Haemorrhagic rash
Encephalitis

25
Q

Who is shingles seen in + cause + presentation?

A

Older and immunosuppressed
Reactivation of VZV
Rash, vesicles and neuralgia affecting a dermatome

26
Q

What is the name for neuralgia persisting 4 weeks after shingles + which nerve does it commonly affect?

A

Post herpetic neuralgia

CN V

27
Q

What is Ramsay-Hunt syndrome?

A

VZV causing CN VII paralysis and irritation of CN VIII

28
Q

Who is the shingles vaccine offered to?

A

Over 70s

29
Q

Which virus causes erythema multiforme + name 3 other manifestations of it?

A

HSV
Mucosal lesions
Encephalitis
Eczema herpeticum

30
Q

Which type of HSV is found in children and causes primary gingiostomatitis + treatment?

A

Type 1

Aciclovir

31
Q

How does molloscum contagiosum present + alternative spread + treatment?

A

Small pearly nodules in kids or spread as STD

Liquid nitrogen

32
Q

Which types of HPV cause warts/veruccas + genital warts + cervical cancer?

A

Types 1-4
Types 6-11
Types 16-18

33
Q

Name a HPV injection + 2 treatments for warts/veruccas?

A

Gardasil

Liquid nitrogen or salicylic acid

34
Q

Name 2 types of enterovirus + where they are found.

A

Echovirus
Coxsackie
GI tract

35
Q

What is herpangina + cause?

A

Rash at the back of throat

Enterovirus

36
Q

What causes hand, foot and mouth disease?

A

Coxsackie virus

37
Q

How does Orf present + cause?

A

Fleshy nodule on farmer’s hands

Sheep parapoxvirus

38
Q

What causes slapped cheek/erythema infectiosum + how does it present in kids + adults + test?

A

Parovirus B19
Facial rash fading to body rash
Arthritis of the hands
B19 IgM antibodies

39
Q

Name 2 complications of slapped cheek + why?

A

Miscarriage
Anemia
Virus spreads in bone marrow and affects RBCs

40
Q

What bacteria causes syphilis + how does primary/secondary/tertiary present + treatment?

A 
Treponema pallidum
Primary = painless chancre at site of entry
Secondary = rash and snail trail ulcers
Tertiary = affects CNS and other organs
Penicillin injections
41
Q

What causes Lyme disease + how does early/late present + treatment?

A

Ticks carrying borrelia burgdorferi
Early = erythema migrans (bullseye rash)
Late = heart block and CNS effects
Treatment = doxycycline or amoxicillin

42
Q

What spreads Zika virus + 3 complications?

A

Aedes aegypti mosquito
Birth defects
Microcephaly
Guillain-Barre

43
Q

What is the most common entry of staph. aureus + name 2 virulence factors and what they are?

A

Nose
Fibrinogen-binding protein (adhesin)
PVL (toxin)

44
Q

Which M antigens are most common + which cause severe disease?

A

M1 and M3

M3 and M18

45
Q

Name 2 virulence factors of GAS + what do they do.

A

M protein
Hyaluronic acid capsule
Inhibit phagocytosis

Year 2 MBChB Dermatology (8 decks)

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