Skin Infection Flashcards
Name 3 normal skin commensals.
Staph epidermidis
Propionibacterium
Corynebacterium
Give 2 examples of coagulase +ve and 3 of -ve staph + which normally needs abx.
Epidermidis and saprophyticus
Aureus, MSSA and MRSA (abx)
What is the abx for staph aureus and MSSA vs MRSA?
FLUCLOXACILLIN
Doxycyline, co-trimoxazole, clinda/vancomycin
Name 3 infections of the hair follicle caused by staph aureus.
Folliculitis
Furuncles
Carbuncles
What is the name of the staph aureus infection causing a golden crust with contagious discharge?
Impetigo
Name 4 staph aureus toxins.
alpha-toxin (haemolysin)
TSST-1
PVL
SSST
What is TSST-1 and what does it cause?
Superantigen
Mass cytokines release
Which 2 antigens are associated with necrotising pneumonia?
PVL and alpha-toxin
Which toxin causes widespread blisters and skin failure in a newborn?
SSST
Which system and antigen are streptococci classified by + what are the groups?
Lancefield system and M antigen
Alpha, beta and gamma
Beta divided into A, B and C
What is the bacteria species of group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus (GAS) + where is it found + treatment?
Strep. pyogenes
Pharynx
Penicillin or doxycycline
Which streptococcus toxin causes necrotising fasciitis + treatment?
Streptolysin S (SLS) Debridement + abx
What is the cause of type 1 and type 2 necrotising fasciitis + x-ray sign?
Type 1 = anaerobes and coliforms after abdo surgery
Type 2 = GAS
Gas in soft tissue
Name 2 abx that can cover anaerobes.
Clindamycin
Metronidazole
What are the 3 fungi which can cause ringworm starting with the most common.
Tricophyton rubrum
Tricophyton mentagraphytes
Microsporum canis
What area of the body is affected in tinea capitis, corporis, cruris, pedis and unguium?
Head Body Groin Foot Nail
Name 2 tests + treatment for general, nail and scalp ringworm.
Wood's lamp Scraping and culture General = topical clotrimazole Nails = amorolfine Scalp = oral terbinafine + itraconazole
Treatments for mild vs severe candida yeast infection.
Topical clotrimazole
Oral fluconazole
Which parasite causes scabies + incubation period + key sign + 2 treatment (+ exception)?
Sarcoptes scabiei
6 weeks
Burrows/tracts
Malathion or benzoyl benzoate (not in kids)
What is the other name for lice + treatment?
Pediculosis
Malathion
Which virus causes chickenpox and shingles + where does it lie dormant?
Varicella zoster virus (VZV)
Dorsal root ganglia of spine
Who is chickenpox seen in + what does it affect?
Children and immunosuppressed
Sensory nerve endings
How does neonatal VZV occur + 2 treatments for mum?
Secondary to chickenpox in mum
VZV immune globulin or aciclovir
Name 3 complications of chickenpox.
Secondary bacterial infection
Haemorrhagic rash
Encephalitis
Who is shingles seen in + cause + presentation?
Older and immunosuppressed
Reactivation of VZV
Rash, vesicles and neuralgia affecting a dermatome
What is the name for neuralgia persisting 4 weeks after shingles + which nerve does it commonly affect?
Post herpetic neuralgia
CN V
What is Ramsay-Hunt syndrome?
VZV causing CN VII paralysis and irritation of CN VIII
Who is the shingles vaccine offered to?
Over 70s
Which virus causes erythema multiforme + name 3 other manifestations of it?
HSV
Mucosal lesions
Encephalitis
Eczema herpeticum
Which type of HSV is found in children and causes primary gingiostomatitis + treatment?
Type 1
Aciclovir
How does molloscum contagiosum present + alternative spread + treatment?
Small pearly nodules in kids or spread as STD
Liquid nitrogen
Which types of HPV cause warts/veruccas + genital warts + cervical cancer?
Types 1-4
Types 6-11
Types 16-18
Name a HPV injection + 2 treatments for warts/veruccas?
Gardasil
Liquid nitrogen or salicylic acid
Name 2 types of enterovirus + where they are found.
Echovirus
Coxsackie
GI tract
What is herpangina + cause?
Rash at the back of throat
Enterovirus
What causes hand, foot and mouth disease?
Coxsackie virus
How does Orf present + cause?
Fleshy nodule on farmer’s hands
Sheep parapoxvirus
What causes slapped cheek/erythema infectiosum + how does it present in kids + adults + test?
Parovirus B19
Facial rash fading to body rash
Arthritis of the hands
B19 IgM antibodies
Name 2 complications of slapped cheek + why?
Miscarriage
Anemia
Virus spreads in bone marrow and affects RBCs
What bacteria causes syphilis + how does primary/secondary/tertiary present + treatment?
Treponema pallidum Primary = painless chancre at site of entry Secondary = rash and snail trail ulcers Tertiary = affects CNS and other organs Penicillin injections
What causes Lyme disease + how does early/late present + treatment?
Ticks carrying borrelia burgdorferi
Early = erythema migrans (bullseye rash)
Late = heart block and CNS effects
Treatment = doxycycline or amoxicillin
What spreads Zika virus + 3 complications?
Aedes aegypti mosquito
Birth defects
Microcephaly
Guillain-Barre
What is the most common entry of staph. aureus + name 2 virulence factors and what they are?
Nose
Fibrinogen-binding protein (adhesin)
PVL (toxin)
Which M antigens are most common + which cause severe disease?
M1 and M3
M3 and M18
Name 2 virulence factors of GAS + what do they do.
M protein
Hyaluronic acid capsule
Inhibit phagocytosis
