Skin + Reproductive Flashcards
What are the 4 main layers of the epidermis of the skin?
- Keratinised squames.
- Granular layer.
- Spinous layer (the thickest layer).
- Germinative layer.
What is the role of Filaggrin?
Produces natural moisturising factor.
Why are protease inhibitors in the skin important?
Protease inhibitors prevent the breakdown of corneodesmosomes.
What is the ideal pH of the skin?
5.5
What is the SRY protein called?
Testis determining factor: under its influence male development takes place.
What is the importance of testis determining factor?
Under its influence male development takes place.
What cells are responsible for secreting testosterone?
Interstitial cells of Leydig.
What is the blood supply to the upper 2/3 of the anal canal?
The superior rectal artery (branch of IMA).
What is the blood supply to the lower 1/3 of the anal canal?
The inferior rectal artery (branch of internal pudendal artery).
What part of the anal canal receives autonomic innervation?
The upper 2/3 (lower 1/3 is somatic innervation).
Which anal sphincter receives autonomic innervation and is involuntary?
The internal anal sphincter.
Which urethral sphincter is composed of smooth muscle?
The internal urethral sphincter.
When is the periaqueductal grey suppressed?
In storage. (Active in voiding).
What is the external urethral sphincter?
Skeletal muscle, voluntary sphincter.
Composed of the rhabosphincter and pelvic floor.
Do the urethral sphincters receive parasympathetic or sympathetic innervation?
Sympathetic.
When are the urethral sphincters activated?
In storage - activation causes contraction of the sphincters.
Spermatogenesis: what do type B cells differentiate into?
They differentiate into primary spermatocytes that will then go onto meiosis.
Spermatogenesis: where are type A cells located?
Outside the blood-testes-barrier.
Spermatogenesis: what does meiosis 1 produce?
2 secondary spermatocytes.
Spermatogenesis: what does meiosis 2 produce?
4 spermatids.
What changes does the sperm make with regards to its structure?
- It discards excess cytoplasm.
- Grows flagellum.
- Lots of mitochondria.
- Acrosomes at its head.
What is the function of the epididymis?
Storage and maturation of sperm. Sperm normally stay in the epididymis for 60 days.
What is the affect of FSH on the testes?
Stimulates spermatogenesis and sertoli cells. Sertoli cells produce MIF (mullerian inhibiting factor) and inhibin and activin which acts on the pituitary gland to regulate FSH.
What is the affect of LH on the testes?
Stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone.
