Blood Flashcards
Too little RBC in blood?
Anaemia <45%
Too much RBC in blood?
Polycythaemia >45%
Too little WBC in blood?
Leukopenia <4,800ul
Too much WBC in blood?
Leucocytosis >11,000 ul
Too little platelets in blood?
Thrombocytopenia <150,000ul
Too much platelets in blood?
Thrombocytosis >450,000 ul
Plasma composition
H20- 90-93%
Plasma protein-8%
Plasma protein composition
Albumin (60%)
Globulins (40%)
Iron deficiency symptoms?
Shortness of breath
Fatigue
Tachycardia
Dizziness
What do we need iron for?
Iron reacts with protoporphyrin (pigment in RBC) converts it to haem. Haem is essential for haemoglobin. Therefore less iron-less haem-less haemoglobin
What happens if there is less haemoglobin in the blood due to iron. Related condition
Iron deficiency (condition) It takes up most volume in blood and therefore becomes Microcytic- decrease in MCV less than 80fl.
Causes of Fe2+ deficiency
Blood loss
Heavy menstruation
Low iron diet
B-12/Folic Acid/(Pernicious anaemia) how does it take place?
Main cause is autoimmune
Reason: Parietal cells in stomach have glycoprotein called intrinsic factor. B12 naturally bind to intrinsic factor. However in pernicious anaemia antibodies are produced which bind to the intrinsic factor blocking B12.
Less B12 in bloodstream
Result in macrocytosis (MCV <90fl). Can get stuck
What is B12 needed for?
Needed in order for red blood cells DNA to mature, synthesis and condense
What is folic acid needed for?
DNA maturation
Treatment of pernicious anaemia?
Intra muscular injections of B12
What is hereditary spherocytosis
Genetic Mutation (ankyrin and spectrin) results in a spherical haemoglobin-loses its biconcave shape. Not good at delivering oxygen effectively as it gets stuck
Hereditary spherocytosis symptoms
Splenomegaly
Haemolysis
How to detect hereditary spherocytosis?
Coombs test
What is sickle cell anaemia (HbS)
Missense mutation
When in sickle cell anaemia does haemoglobin have its sickle shape?
When its not bound to oxygen
What can sickle cell anaemia lead to?
Vaso-occlusive crisis
Treatment of sickle cell anaemia
oxygen
pain reliever
fluids
Sickle cell anaemia can mean that your immune to what?
Malaria