Liver Flashcards
What clotting proteins are produced by liver
Factor 10, 9, 7, 2 C, S (vitamin K)
fibrinogen
What anti-clotting proteins are produced by liver
Plasminogen
Antithrombin III
What hormones are produced by liver
Thrombopoietin–> platelet formation
IGF-1–> Muscles, bones, cartilage
Angiotensinogen —> Angiotensin II
What immune proteins are produced by liver
Compliment proteins (C1-C9) C-Reactive peptide
What apoproteins are produced by liver
A, B, C, D, E
What proteins are produced by liver
Albumin alpha/beta globulins clotting factor anti-clotting factor apoproteins immune proteins hormones
What do chylomicrons transport
Triglyceride
Cholesterol
Phospholipid
Vitamin A, D, E , K
What is xenobiotics
any substance that is not naturally present in the body/ produced in the body/ higher concentration in the body
Where is cholesterol derived from?
Chylomicrons
High levels of acetyl CoA
What are the primary bile acids
Cholic acids
Chenodeoxycholic acid
Where are the primary bile acids derived from
Cholesterol
How are primary bile acids converted to secondary bile acids
Entero-hepatic circulation:
bile acids travel from liver to biliary system into intestine. They are metabolised by bacteria and travel back into liver via portal circulation.
Blood supply of artery
25% Hepatic Artery proper
75% Portal vein
The anatomical position of the liver
right hypochondriac
epigastric
(a bit)left hypochondriac
Where do the portal venule and hepatic arteriole drain into
central vein
Central veins join together to form
Interlobular vein and when several interlobular veins join together the drain into to hepatic vein
What capillaries are most permeable, why
Sinusoidal which are present within liver lobule
Have large pores and intercellular clefts allows for macromolecules, plasma, solutes to move in and out of the blood vessel and into the interstitial spaces
Where can you find sinusoidal capillaries?
Liver
Spleen
Red bone marrow
Where can you find Kupffer cells in the liver
Sinusoidal capillaries
What do sinusoidal capillaries have the ability to do ?
Breakdown of old red blood cells
Excessive tissue injury can result to what within stellate cells
become myofibroblasts and produce numerous collage 1 fibres
Composition of hepatocytes
Microvilli
Also has junction between adjacent canaliculi so bile can be secreted
When looking at the classic liver lobule what blood flow are we trying to look at ?
Blood flow Portal vein and Hepatic Arteriole to central vein
When looking at the portal lobule what blood flow are we trying to look at ?
Direction of bile flow
When looking at the acinus lobule what blood flow are we trying to look at ?
Flow of O2 rich blood
