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Dermatology > Skin Pathology > Flashcards

Skin Pathology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is a primary skin lesion?

A

A lesion that develops as a direct consequence of the disease process

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2
Q

What is a secondary skin lesion?

A

Evolve from a primary lesion or are caused by the patient themselves (self-trauma) e.g. ulcer developing from ruptured vesicle

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3
Q

What is a wheal?

A

A discrete focal dermal oedema

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4
Q

What is angiodema a more extensive version of?

A

A more extensive wheal affecting a whole body region due to type I hypersensitivity

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5
Q

Describe perivascular inflammation…

A

Inflammation focused around blood vessels = prominent blood vessels, oedema

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6
Q

Describe diffuse/interstitial inflammation…

A

Inflammation more widespread in the dermis/epidermis

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7
Q

Describe nodular inflammation…

A

Dense infiltrates of inflammatory cells in the dermis but arranged in nodules

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8
Q

Describe panniculitis inflammation…

A

Inflammation of the subcut adipose tissue (often systemic cause)

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9
Q

Describe interface inflammation….

A

Degeneration of basal keratinocytes due to infiltration of the dermoepidermal junction

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10
Q

How does the anatomy of the skin vary between haired and non-haired animals?

A

The epidermis is much thicker in hairless animals

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11
Q

Where do the changes in the epidermis occur when you get hyperkeratosis and hyperplasia?

A

Hyperkeratosis - Increased stratum corneum (i.e increased scale)

Hyperplasia - Increased stratum spongiosum (i.e. thickening of liver cells)

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12
Q

What is scale? Is it a primary or secondary lesion?

A

Accumulation of loose fragments of stratum corneum. It is considered a secondary lesion due to hyperkeratosis

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13
Q

What are follicular casts and what disease process can they occur in?

A

Accumulation of keratinous debris around the hair shaft. Can occur due to demodecosis.

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14
Q

What is a comedo? What disease process can it occur in?

A

Black head caused by dilated hair follicle plugged with keratinous and sebaceous debris.

A common cause is demodecosis, idiopathic seborrhea and endocrine disease

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15
Q

What is a papule?

A

A solid palpable elevation of <1cm diameter

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16
Q

What diseases may you see papules?

A

FAD
Staph pyoderma
Scabies
Atopic dermatitis

17
Q

What is a plaque?

A

A flat, solid elevation caused by extension or coalition of papules.

18
Q

What disease processes may cause plaques?

A

Eosinophillic plaques in cats

Aural plaques of horses (spread by flies)

19
Q

What is a pustule? How does it differ to an abscess?

A

A discrete elevation of the epidermis contain pus

An abscess is similar except it is a demarcated dermal or subc accumulation of puss

20
Q

What diseases might you see papules in?

A

Canine pyoderma
Demodecosis
Pemphigus

21
Q

How does the contents of a pustule idicate the aetiology of an intraepidermal pustular dermatitis?

A

Neutrophils - Pyoderma

Eosinophillic - Ectoparasite infestation

22
Q

What does a pustule develop into at later stages?

A

An epidermal collarette (usually staph origin)

23
Q

What is the difference between ulceration and erosion of the skin?

A

Erosion - intact basement membrane and so dermis is not exposed

Ulcer - break in basement membrane so the dermis is exposed

24
Q

Give an example of a disease which may cause skin ulcerations…

A

e.g. cutaneous lymphoma

25
Q

What is a crust?

A

Accumulation of dried exudate on the skin surface at the site of previous inflammation

26
Q

What particular bad autoimmune disease causes severe crusting?

A

Pemphigus

27
Q

What is the definition of a nodule?

A

A solid palpable skin elevation >1cm

28
Q

Give examples of diseases that causes skin nodules

A

MCT

Mycobacterial skin infection

29
Q

What is the difference between a macule and a patch?

A

A flat circumscribed area of change in skin colour <1cm in diameter (macule) or >1cm (patch)

30
Q

What is lichenification and what does it appear like?

A

It is accentuation of normal skin markings leading to elephant appearance skin.

31
Q

Give examples of diseases that cause lichenification…

A

Malassezia

Chronic allergic disease

32
Q

What is leukotrichia?

A

Loss of hair pigment

33
Q

What is folliculitis a powerful pattern for in dogs?

A

Pyoderma
Dermatophytosis
Demodecosis

Dermatology (17 decks)

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