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Dermatology > Equine Skin Disease > Flashcards

Equine Skin Disease Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What species of lice affect horses?

A 
Damalinia equi (biting)
Haematopinus asini (sucking)
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2
Q

What time of year do lice infestations of horses occur?

A

Winter

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3
Q

How are lice infestations treated in horses?

A

Cypermethrin spray/sponge on whole body
Permthrin and citronellol sponge
Piperonyl butoxide shampoo
Suitable insecticides for grooming kit, blankets and stable area

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4
Q

Why should pyrethrins be dispoesd of very carefully?

A

They are extremely toxic to aquatic life

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5
Q

What is the most common mange in horses?

A

Chorioptic

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6
Q

What species causes mange in horses?

A

Chorioptes bovis

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7
Q

where do chorioptic mange lesions occur in the horse?

A

Distal limb of horses with feathered heels

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8
Q

What is the most likely cause of reinfestation of chorioptic manage in horses?

A

From the env

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9
Q

Are there any licensed products for treating chorioptic mange in horses?

A

No

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10
Q

What can be used to treat chorioptic mange in horses?

A

All off license:

  • Oral ivermectin (NOT SPRAY)
  • Selenium sulphide shampoo
  • Fipronil spray
  • Flumethrin (sheep dip)
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11
Q

Which durg is absolutely contraindicated for treating demodex in equidae and why?

A

Amitraz - alters gut motility leading to colic

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12
Q

What is the proper term for sweet itch?

A

Culicoides hypersensitivity

Recurrent seasonal pruritis

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13
Q

What is Culicoides?

A

Midge

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14
Q

Why is sweet itch a significant disease?

A

Welfare

Management problems

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15
Q

What are the clinical signs of sweet itch?

A

Pruritus and lesions along the dorsal midline, mane and tail and sometimes ventrally

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16
Q

What treatment is licensed for sweet itch?

A

Benzyl benzoate solution

17
Q

Why are permethrins a poor choice for treating sweet itch?

A

Need frequent application - expensive

18
Q

What is the most effective method of preventing sweet itch? How can this be achieved?

A

Prevention of midge feeding

  • Stable horses at dawn and dusk
  • Ceiling fans
  • Insecticidal strips
  • Graze on well drained land away from standing water
  • Fly repellant ear tages tied to head collar
  • Rugs with hoods
19
Q

Which mites affect horses?

A

Red mite

Harvest mite

20
Q

What are infectious causes of pastern dermatitis syndrome?

A

Bacteria
Fungi
Parasites

21
Q

What are non-infectious causes of pastern dermatitis syndrome?

A

Physical
Neoplasia
Immune-mediated
Miscellaneous - greasy heel syndrome

22
Q

What are the clinical signs of pastern dermatitis in horses?

A

Back of pastern
>1 leg
Papules => large areas of ulceration and suppuration

23
Q

How is pastern dermatitis diagnosed in horses?

A

History and clinical signs
Biopsy
Bacterial and fungal culture

24
Q

How is pastern dermatitis treated?

A

Remove crust and clip hair thoroughly
Wash with antiseptic surgical scrub
Antifungals, anti-inflammatories and AB
Corticosteroids

25
Q

What are the characteristics of where greasy heel lesions are found?

A

Posterior of hind pastern
White-socked
May extend to fetlock and front of leg
May affect more than one leg

26
Q

What breeds is greasy heel more common in?

A

Feathered breeds

Draught horses

27
Q

What are the clinical signs of greasy heel?

A 
Erythema
Oozing, crusting
Alopecia
Vasculitis
Erosion and ulceration
Thickening of skin
Pruritus 
Granulation tissue
Pain, lameness
28
Q

How is greasy heel treated in horses?

A 
Eliminate all possible causes
Topical antiseptic washes
Removal of all hair and necrotic tissue
Keep as dry as possible
NSAIDs, AB
29
Q

Where on the body of equids are Chorioptes spp and Psoroptes spp found?

A

c - Limbs and tail

p - Head and ears

30
Q

What species of pinworm affects horses?

A

Oxyuris equi

31
Q

What is the most common skin allergy in horses?

A

Sweet itch

32
Q

What are the most common bacterial skin infections of horses?

A 
Staph
Dermatophilus congolensis (mud fever/rainscald)
33
Q

What is the appearance of Dermatophilus congolensis microscopically?

A

Train-track bacteria

34
Q

What type of virus causes aural plaques in horses?

A

Papillomavirus

35
Q

What immune-mediated disease affect horses in dermatology?

A 
Pemphigus foliaceus
Erythema multiforme
ADRs
Vasculitis
Alopecia areata
36
Q

What are the clinical signs of Cushing’s/PPID in horses?

A 
Old age
PUPD
Lethargy
Laminitis
Thick, dark excessive hair growth

Dermatology (17 decks)

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