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Dermatology > Approach to Lumps and Skin Tumours > Flashcards

Approach to Lumps and Skin Tumours Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Define nodule…

A

A round solid elevation of the skin >1cm in diameter

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2
Q

What are the mechanisms of nodule formation?

A

Inflammation esp granulomatous
Neoplasia
Depositional disease
Trauma

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3
Q

Define panniculitis..

A

Inflammation of the subcutaneous fat and connective tissue

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4
Q

How do areas of urticaria react to pressure being applied?

A

They pit under pressure

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5
Q

How can inflammation cause urticaria?

A

Vasoactive mediators
Vessel permeability
Mast cells
Allergic

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6
Q

What are DDx for urticaria?

A 
Dermatographism
Heat/cold/exercise
Drug reaction
Contact urticaria
Food/environmental allergy
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7
Q

What diagnostic tests are used in nodular disease?

A

FNA - cytology

Biopsy - histo, tissue culture

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8
Q

What can cause lump formation following trauma?

A

Bacterial or fungal infection

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9
Q

How are sebaceous or sweat gland tumours treated?

A

Lumpectomy

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10
Q

How are papillomatas treated?

A

Mostly resolve spontaneously

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11
Q

How are SCC treated?

A

Various specialist treatments available depending on affected areas:
Surgical resection of pinnae
Chemo of nose
Resection of nose

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12
Q

What are the 3 most common skin tumours in dogs?

A

MCT
Lipoma
Histiocytoma

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13
Q

What are the 3 most common skin tumours in cats?

A

Basal cell tumour
Fibrosarcoma
MCT

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14
Q

What are predisposing factors to developing skin cancer?

A

Sun exposure
Viruses
Genetics

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15
Q

Outline the workup of a skin tumour….

A
  1. Thorough Hx and PE
  2. FNA, biopsy
  3. Benign => therapeutics
  4. Malignant => FNA of local LN
  5. Imaging of thorax/abdomen
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16
Q

Which skin tumours require adjuvant anticancer therapy following surgery?

A

High grade MCT
Canine malignant melanoma
High grade FISS

17
Q

How are cutaneous lymphomas treated?

A

Systemic anticancer medical therapy

18
Q

What lesion appears similar to skin tumours but has a v good prognosis with surgery?

A

Cysts

19
Q

What are the three types of skin cysts and where are they found?

A

Epidermoid - Extermities
Dermoid - Back, neck, scrotum
Follicular - Hair follicle

20
Q

Name 4 types of epithelial tumours…

A

Papilloma
Basal cell carcinoma
Adnexal tumours
SCC

21
Q

How are skin epithelial tumours treated?

A

Complete excision

22
Q

Outline the characteristics of papillomas…

A

Dogs mostly
Viral in young dogs, resolves spontaneously
Pigmented plaques in older dogs, solitary and linked to SCC

23
Q

Outline the characteristics of basal cell tumours…

A 
Epithelioma or carcinoma
Benign
Common in cats
Dome-shaped, hairless, unfixed to fascia
Head, neck, shoulders
Excision => good prognosis
24
Q

Outline the characteristics of intracutaneous cornifying epitheliomas…

A 
Benign
Young dogs
Mostly solitary
Toothpaste material on rupture
Excision => good prognosis
25
Q

Outline the characteristics of hair follicle tumours…

A

Dogs
Mostly benign
Can originate from hair germ epithelium, follicular sheath or hair matrix
Breed predisposition

26
Q

Outline the characteristics of sebaceous gland tumours…

A

Dogs mostly

Most commonly hyperplasia or epithelioma

27
Q

Outline the characteristics of perianal/hepatoid gland tumours…

A

Sex hormones => modified sebaceous glands in perianal region
Intact male dogs
Castration can prevent recurrence or development
Mostly hyperplasia/adenomas
Breed disposition

28
Q

Outline the characteristics of sweat gland tumours…

A

Apocrine cysts/adenomas found on head
Benign just require excision
ACA in cat>dog
Malignant require wide surgical excision

29
Q

Outline the characteristics of apocrine gland anal sac adenocarinomas…

A

Solitary mass in anal sac
Diagnosed by cytology
Mostly metastatic
Stage using intrapelvic and iliac LN

30
Q

Outline the characteristics of SCC…

A

Cats>dogs
Unpigmented skin
Nasal planum, eyelids, pinnae
Locally invasive but not metastatic

31
Q

How are SCC treated?

A

Surgery
Radiotheraphy
Plesiotherapy (surface radiotherapy)

32
Q

What are the most common round cell tumours?

A 
Histiocytomas
MCT
Melanoma
Cutaneous lymphoma
Plasma cell tumour
TVT
33
Q

Outline the characteristics of cutaneous melanomas…

A 
Dogs
Mostly benign
Diagnosed by FNA
Histo required for prognosis
Surgical excision => good prognosis
34
Q

Outline the characteristics of canine MCT…

A 
Common 
V variable appearance
Diagnosis via FNA, prognosis via histo
Graded by Patnaik system
Surgical excision of tumour, local LN+/- radiation
35
Q

Outline the Patnaik grading system

A

Patnaik grade + mitotic index = prognosis of MCT
I - low grade, MI <5
II - Intermediate
III - high, MI >5

36
Q

What is involved in complete staging of a tumour?

A

Thorough Hx and PE
Palpation and FNA of local LN
Abdominal US and FNA of liver, spleen and enlarged LNS
Thoracic imaging

37
Q

When is full staging of an MCT indicated?

A 
Rapid growth, ulcerated
LN metastasis
Recurrent
Systemic signs
Unfavourable location
Reconstructive/aggressive therapy is required
Known high grade tumours
38
Q

What should be done minimally in staging a MCT?

A

Full Hx and PE

Palpation and FNA of local LN

39
Q

How is cutaneous lymphoma treated?

A

Lomustine
COP/COAP
Mastinib (KIT inhibitor)

Dermatology (17 decks)

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