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Dermatology > Farm Animal Skin Disease > Flashcards

Farm Animal Skin Disease Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What are the major chemical groups used for treatment of sheep, cattle and pigs?

A

Macrocyclic lactones
Synthetic pyrethroids
Organophosphates
Insect growth regulators

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2
Q

Give an example of a macrocyclic lactone

A

Ivermectin

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3
Q

Give examples of synthetic pyrethroids

A

Cis cypermethrin

Deltamethrin

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4
Q

Give an example of an organophosphate…

A

Diazinon

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5
Q

Give an example of an insect growth regulator…

A

Cyromazine

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6
Q

Why are organophosphates being phased out of use?

A

Effects on wildlife

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7
Q

What are the two lice of sheep and do they chew or suck?

A

Bovicola ovis - sucking

Linognathus ovillus - chewing

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8
Q

Why has the incidence of sheep body lice infestation in the UK increased recently?

A

Dipping has stopped

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9
Q

Outline the clinical signs associated with sheep body lice…

A

Severe fleece derangement

Rubbing/biting wool

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10
Q

Outline the epidemiology of the sheep body louse…

A

Numbers increase in long wool
Decline dramatically at shearing
Reduced by solar radiation

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11
Q

How are sheep body lice diagnosed?

A

Part of the wool and examine near skin

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12
Q

How are sheep body lice treatment?

A

Shearing
Insecticides
- Pour ons (deltamethrin)
- Saturation dip (organophosphates, synthetic pyrethroids)

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13
Q

List of mites of sheep…

A 
Sarcoptes scabei 
Demodex ovis
Psorobia ovis
Chorioptes bovis
Psoroptes ovis
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14
Q

What is sheep scab?

A

Psoroptic manage

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15
Q

Outline the clinical signs associated with psoroptic mange…

A 
Pustules, then spreading moist lesions
Matted fleece
Extreme pruritus 
Mites just visible with naked eye
Sheep may become thin and die
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16
Q

Outline the epidemiology of psoroptic mange…

A

Winter more favourable
Infections may be latent over summer
Mites can multiple rapidly

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17
Q

Outline techniques available for treatment and control of psoroptic mange…

A 
Plunge dipping (organophosphate solution)
Macrocyclic lactone injections
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18
Q

For how long may pastures, fences, buildings etc remain a source of psoroptes re-infection?

A

15 days

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19
Q

Why might plunge dipping not be effective for treatment of psoroptic mange?

A

Treatment times too short
Heads not dipped
Dip heavily fouled
Strength too low

20
Q

What is blowfly strike?

A

Cutaneous myiasis

21
Q

Outline the pathogenesis of blowfly strike…

A

Primary flies lay eggs in moist wool and inflamed skin
Larvae feed on the skin surface and cause extensive skin damage
Toxaemia due to skin necrosis and absorption of bacterial toxins
Subsequent invasion by secondary/tertiary flies

22
Q

What are the predilection sites for blowfly strike?

A 
Head (base of horns)
Breech
Prepuce
Body
Wounds
23
Q

Outline the treatment for blowfly strike…

A

Clip surrounding area
Clean tissues and remove visible maggots
Apply insecticides
Supportive treatment indicated in severe cases

24
Q

Outline the options available for prevention of blowfly strike…

A

Tail docking
Cyromazine
Dicyclanil
Cypermethrin

25
Q

List the live of cattle

A

Bovicola bovis
Linognathus vituli
Haematopinus eurysternus
Solenopotes capillatus

26
Q

How does chorioptes bovis cause infertility in rams?

A

Inflames scrotum leading to increased temperature

27
Q

Outline the clinical signs of lice in cattle…

A

Number increase in cool months
Peak in early spring
Decline with coat shedding, solar radiation, and higher temperature
Most common in housed cattle

28
Q

Outline diagnosis of lice in cattle…

A

Visible to the naked eye

Species distinguished by microscope

29
Q

When is the best time to treat cattle for lice?

A

Autumn

30
Q

Outline the treatments for lice in cattle…

A

Macrocyclic lactones

  • Kills all sucking lice
  • Reduces bovicola bovis

Others:

  • Deltamethrin
  • Cypermethrin
31
Q

List the mites found in cattle…

A

Sarcoptes sabiei
Chorioptes bovis
Demodex bovis
Psoroptes ovis

32
Q

Describe chorioptic mange in cattle…

A

Tail, hind legs, udder, perineum
Very common, mostly in housed cattle
Pruritic
Not severe

33
Q

Describe sarcoptic mange in cattle…

A 
Causes head and tail mange
Mostly in housed cattle
Any age affected
Can be severe and acute
Transmission by direct contact and fomites
34
Q

How is sarcoptic mange in cattle diagnosed?

A

Clinical signs
Skin scraping
Skin biopsy

35
Q

How is sarcoptic mange treated in cattle?

A

Macrocyclic lactones

36
Q

Outline treatment for psoroptic mange in cattle…

A

Permethrin pour-on

37
Q

Describe demodectic mange in cattle…

A

Common, but rarely diagnosed
More a problem for hide image
No pruritus, little hair loss
Occasionally develops into nodules and secondary infection

38
Q

What is lumpy wool?

A

Dermatophilosis in sheep

39
Q

In what species does dermatophilosis occur?

A 
Sheep
Camelids
Goats
Pigs
Horses
(Cattle)
40
Q

Describe dermatophilosis

A

Produces crusts of varying thickness on wooled/haired skin
Lesions can be painful to lift off
Tends to follow wet weather

41
Q

How is dermatophilosis diagnosed?

A

History
Clinical signs
Smears from scabs

42
Q

How is dermatophilosis treated?

A 
Remove animals from wet conditions
Correct any underlying problems predisposing to infection
Systemic ABs
Topical treatment
(Chlorhexidine)
43
Q

What is ringworm?

A

Dermatophytosis

44
Q

Describe ringworm

A 
Focal patches of thick grey crust/scales with alopecia
Particularly affects head and neck
Pruritus variable 
Self-limiting
Zoonotic
45
Q

Outline treatment and control for ringworm..

A

Enilconazole

Vaccinations

Dermatology (17 decks)

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