skin & mucous membranes

Question 1

what are the functions of skin?

Answer 1

protection
thermoregulation
water retention
sensation
absorption
storage & synthesis

Question 2

what are the skin layers?

Answer 2

epidermis
dermis
subcutaneous layer

Question 3

what are the associated structures of skin?

Answer 3

nails
sweat glands
sebaceous glands
hair follicles

Question 4

describe the epidermis

Answer 4

stratified squamous epithelium
layers
slate, scale-like cells
no bv
4-5 layers

Question 5

what are the layers of the epidermis?

Answer 5

stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale

Question 6

what are the cells of the epidermis?

Answer 6

keratinocytes (95%)
Langerhans cells 
-antigen presenting
merkel cells
-sensory receptors
melanocytes
-produce melanin

Question 7

what is the difference between thick and thin skin?

Answer 7

presence of stratum lucidum (thick)

Question 8

describe thick skin

Answer 8

stratum lucidum present
thicker stratum corneum
palms of hands
soles of feet

Question 9

describe thin skin

Answer 9

no stratum lucidum
all strata thinner
rest of body

Question 10

what is the dermis?

Answer 10

strong, flexible CT layer rich in collagen and elastic fibres

Question 11

what does the dermis contain?

Answer 11

fibroblasts
macrophages
few adipocytes
nerve endings
bv
SM
lymphatics
hair follicles

Question 12

what are the 2 layers of the dermis?

Answer 12

papillary layer
-epidermal ridges
-capillarie & nerve rich
reticular layer
-dense CT fiber components

Question 13

give some clinical correlations of skin

Answer 13

pemphigus
acne
psoriasis
vitiligo-loss of skin pigment

Question 14

give 2 types of skin cancer

Answer 14

squamous cell carcinoma

basal cell cancinoma

Question 15

how does skin cancer occur

Answer 15

keratinocytes in epidermis grow out of control to form a tumour

Question 16

what are risk factors of malignant melanomas?

Answer 16

UV radiation, moles, fair skin with freckles, sunburn, family history

Question 17

what are mucous membranes?

Answer 17

specialized epithelial lining which produces a lubricating fluid containing the sticky protein mucin which traps microbes and dirt particles and protects any body structure continuous with external environment

Question 18

what are the basic layers of mucous membranes?

Answer 18

epithelium

lamina propria

Question 19

what are the components of lamina propria?

Answer 19

cells:
fibroblasts 
immune virtually lacking adipocytes
ECM:
collagen
elastin fibres

Question 20

epithelium + lamina propria=

Answer 20

mucosa

Question 21

what is the composition of the trachea?

Answer 21

ciliated, pseudostratified epithelium and elastic, fiber-rich lamina propria

Question 22

describe the histology of oral mucosa?

Answer 22

stratified squamous epithelium
lamina propria
types:
lining-buccal mucosa, soft palate
masticatory-hard palate
gustatory-tongue

Question 23

what are the functions of oral mucosa?

Answer 23

protection
sensation
secretion
permeability & absorption

Question 24

what is cystic fibrosis?

Answer 24

inherited disorder of ion transport
abnormal viscous secretions
affects epithelial lining of respiratory, GIT, reproductive
salivary glands can be affected