connective tissue Flashcards
what is the most abundant tissue in the body?
connective tissue
give 6 examples of CT
bone - structural integrity
cartilage- protects joints & structural integrity
tendons & ligaments-muscle-bone, protect joints
adipose tissue-energy store
mesentery-intestine-abdomen
layers under skin & around organs
what are the components of CT?
cells
ground substance*
fibres*
*ECM
what is the ECM?
separates cells
provides structural and biochemical support for cells
composed of GS and fibres
describe GS
biochemical support clear, semi-solid gel glycoproteins & complex carbs -hyaluronic acid -glucosamine water-binding ability tissue volume supports intercellular exchange of substanes
describe fibres
provide structural support and tensile strength
2 types:
collagen
-strongest & most abundant, tensile strength
elastin
-long, branched, provide stretch and recoil ability
describe collagen
secreted into ECM by CT cells
28 types but most 1-3
describe elastin
secreted into ECM by fibroblasts confers elasticity to tissues found largely in: skin lungs bv bladder
what are the 3 cell types of CT?
xblasts- synthesise ECM
xcytes- maintain ECM
xclasts- breakdown ECM
what are fibroblasts?
most common CT cell type
secrete fibres & components of GS
what are chondrocytes?
secrete and maintain ECM in cartilage
what are osteoblasts and osteocytes?
secrete and maintain mineralised ECM in bone
how are CT highly vascularised?
contain bv and lymphatics
contain immune cells
-survey tissues for invading pathogens/cell damage
exception=cartilage
what are the 2 categories of CT proper?
loose-mostly GS -areolar -adipose -reticular dense-mostly fibres -regular -irregular -elastic
describe areolar tissue
universal packing material
-supports & binds tissues
found beneath skin, submucosa, surrounding capillaries
describe adipose tissue
functions:energy storage shock absorption insulation found: deep beneath skin breasts abdomen finger & foot pads
describe reticular tissue
delicate, branches network providing internal structure to highly cellular organs
describe dense regular tissue
closely packed collagen fibres running in same direction
provides tensile strength
-in tendons & ligaments
describe dense irregular tissue
closely packed, interwoven fibres running in dif directions
found in dermis of skin, forms protective capsule around organs
describe elastic tissue
allows tissues to recoil after stretching
found in arteries, skin, lungs and underlying transitional epithelium
what is scurvy
lack of vit C
leading to defective collagen formation
loose teeth, skin haemorrhages
what is systemic lupus erythematosis?
autoimmune disease
targets tissues including skin, bones, tendons, kidneys
oral- dry & sore
buccal & palatal lesions
what is sjogrens?
autoimmune disease affects glands that produce tears and saliva symptoms include dry eyes and mouth can accompany SLE increased caries and candidiasis
