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Bot Med Final Exam Year 1 > Skin Lesions and Muscularskeletal > Flashcards

Skin Lesions and Muscularskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

What are burns?

A

lesions that result from exposure to heat, radiation of caustic chemicals. Dept of burn depends on intensity and duration. 1st degree (superficial), 2nd degree (partial thickness) - blistering, 3rd degree (full thickness) skin appears charred with little sensation

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2
Q

What are actions of burns?

A

vulnerary, astringent

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3
Q

What are herbs for first degree burns

A

marigold, chamomile, aloe vera, witch-hazel, oak

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4
Q

What is good for sunburn prevention?

A

carteonoids in diet - ie. carrot juice (but not supplements)

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5
Q

What is vulnerary indications?

A

soft tissue injuries (wounds, lacerations, burns, bruises, ulcers), hard tissue injuries (sprains, strains and fractures), modulates inflammatory process

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6
Q

What are vulnerary herbs?

A

marigold, greater plantain, arnica, comfrey, chamomile

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7
Q

What are actions of marigold (Calendula officinalis)?

A

vulnerary, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antiulcerogenic

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8
Q

What are indications for calendula?

A

burns, wound healing, dermatitis, eczema, acne (pregnancy use with caution)

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9
Q

What are actions for Aloe (Aloe Vera)?

A

vulnerary, dumulcent, immunostimulant

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10
Q

What are indications for aloe?

A

thermal burns (2nd degree) and wound healing

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11
Q

What are lacerations?

A

a wound to the skin and underlying tissue caused by a sharp object that causes tearing and results in bleeding (some vulneraries are not suitable for lacerations because of systemic absorption)

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12
Q

What are actions of lacerations?

A

astringent, styptic, vulnerary

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13
Q

What are herbs for lacerations?

A

witch hazel, oak, marigold (calendula)

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14
Q

What are indications for astringents?

A

External wound healing, lacerations, burns, ulcers, dermatitis

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15
Q

What are herbs for astringents?

A

witch hazel, oak

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16
Q

What are styptic?

A

An astringent compound that stops bleeding when applied topically

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17
Q

What are indications for styptic?

A

lacerations, ulcers

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18
Q

What are herbs for styptic?

A

witch hazel, oak

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19
Q

What are actions for witch hazel and oak?

A

astringent, antiinflammatory, antihemorrhagic, styptic

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20
Q

What are indications for witch hazel and oak?

A

lacerations, bruises, wheeping eczema, varicose veins (all topically)

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21
Q

What are leg ulcers?

A

wounds that occur to the skin that fail to heal, commonly includes: diabetic ulcer, decubitus ulcers (bedsores, pressure ulcers), venous and arterial ulcers (poor circulation), nutrient deficiencies

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22
Q

What are leg ulcer actions?

A

astringent, vulnerary

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23
Q

what are herbs for leg ulcers?

A

greater plantain, calendula, comfrey, honey, witch hazel

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24
Q

What are antiulcerogenic?

A

prevents and/or facilitates the healing of ulcers

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25
Q

what are actions of antiulcerogenics?

A

vulnerary, demulcent, astringent, antimicrobials

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26
Q

What are actions of greater plantain?

A

vulnerary, antiulcerogenic, antiinflammatory, demulcent

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27
Q

what are indications of greater plantain?

A

leg ulcers, wounds, eczema, insect bites - can be used as a replacement to calendula

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28
Q

what are actions for honey?

A

antimicrobial, osmotic, iron chelator, acidic, vulnerary, antiulcerogenic, antiinflammatory

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29
Q

what are indications for honey

A

Leg ulcers, burns, herpes simplex (cold sores)

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30
Q

What are actions for bruises?

A

vulnerary, antiinflammatory, astringent

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31
Q

What are herbs for bruises?

A

arnica, witch hazel

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32
Q

What are actions for arnica?

A

vulnerary, antiinflammatory, antiseptic

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33
Q

What are indications for arnica?

A

bruises, myalgia (muscle pain), arthritis (external use only do not use on broken skin)

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34
Q

What are chronic skin conditions?

A

believed to be caused by bad blood from waste and toxins that disrupt normal functioning of the body

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35
Q

What are actions of chronic skin conditions?

A

alteratives, lymphatics, hepatics, laxatives, hormone regulator, phytoestrogens, vulnerary

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36
Q

What are alteratives?

A

A blood cleanser that facilitates the removal of waste products that interfere with the normal functioning of the body

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37
Q

What are indications for alteratives?

A

chronic skin conditions and metabolic disturbances

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38
Q

What are herbs for alteratives?

A

burdock root, barberry, yellow dock

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39
Q

What are actions for Burdock Root (arctium lappa)?

A

alterative, bitter, prebiotic (bitters are good for reducing inflammation)

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40
Q

What are the indications for burdock root?

A

chronic skin complaints (acne, psoriasis, eczema)

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41
Q

What are actions for yellow dock?

A

alterative, bowel tonic, laxative (stimulating) and bitter

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42
Q

What are indications for yellow dock?

A

chronic skin eruption (due to poor elimination and digestion), eczema, acne, psoriasis, sluggish bowels, constipation **red coloured urine, toxi with long term use and possible hypokalemia

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43
Q

What are lymphatics?

A

promote the proper functioning of the lymphatic organs and the drainage of lymph to help clean the blood

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44
Q

What are the indications for lympathics?

A

chronic skin conditions, viral infections, swollen lymph nodes *lymphatics are often a type of alterative but not all alteratives are lymphatics

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45
Q

What are herbs for lymphatics?

A

galium

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46
Q

What are the actions for Galium?

A

lymphatic, alterative, diuretics

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47
Q

What are indications for Galium?

A

skin conditions, swollen lymph nodes and exanthematous rashes (measles)

48
Q

What is acute dermatitis?

A

contact dermatitis (caused by allergy or chemical sensitivity), wheeping eczema - raw, cracked skin resulting in bleeding and excretion of fluids

49
Q

What is chronic forms?

A

atopic dermatitis (internal/external allergens), seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff, cradle cap) - also found in high sebum areas - scalp, face, brows - caused by a fungus

50
Q

What are actions of dermatitis and eczema?

A

astringent, emollient, antiinflammatory, vulnerary, antiallergic, antipruritic, antifungal

51
Q

What are herbs for dermatitis and eczema?

A

marigold, tea tree, witch hazel, oatmeal (topically)

barberry, yellow dock, burdock (internally)

52
Q

What are herbs for poison ivy?

A

External use: oak, oatmeal bath, greater plantain

53
Q

What is an emollient and its herbs?

A

softens and soothes skin, olive oil and oatmeal

54
Q

What is antipruritic?

A

It relieves the itch sensation

55
Q

What are indications for antipruritic?

A

insect bites, eczema, poison ivy, stinging nettles

56
Q

What are actions for oatmeal bath (aveena sativa)?

A

demulcent, antipruritic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, emollient

57
Q

What are indications (external)?

A

dermatitis, poison ivy, eczema, sunburn

58
Q

What are actions for acne?

A

hormone regulator, alterative, phytoestrogenic, vulnerary, antimicrobial

59
Q

What are herbs for acne?

A

Internal: chaste berry, barberry, red clover, yellow dock

Topical (external) - tea tree, green tea, marigold (calendula), honey

60
Q

What are actions for fractures?

A

vulnerary, antiinflammatory

61
Q

What are herbs for fractures?

A

External Comfrey (knit bone) and San Qi, internal San Qi

62
Q

What are indications for comfrey?

A

vulnerary, antiinflammatory, demulcent, astringent (root)

63
Q

What are indications?

A

bone fractures, soft and hard tissue injury

64
Q

What is osteo vis rhuamtoid arthritis?

A

Osteoarthritis - degeneration caused by wear and tear, rheumatoid arthritis - autoimmune disease that targets joints and has greater inflammation and swelling than osteo

65
Q

What is the action of arthritis?

A

antirheumatic, antiinflammatory, anodyne, analgesic

66
Q

What are herbs for arthritis?

A

Internal: tumeric, devil’d clase, indian frankincense

Topical: castor oil, arnica gel

67
Q

What is an antirheumatic

A

Relieves rheumatism

68
Q

What are indications for antirheumatic

A

arthritis, fibromyalgia, myalgia

69
Q

What are herbs for antirhuematic?

A

tumeric, devil’s claw, frankincense, willow

70
Q

What are indications for antiinflammatory

A

arthritis, gastritis, colitis, cystitis, nephritis, hepatitis, cholecystitis, dermatitits

71
Q

What are herbs for antiinflammation?

A

tumeric, devil’s claw, frankincense (boswellia), willow (salix)

72
Q

What are analgesics and their indications?

A

Alleviates pain wihtout loss of consciousness, ie. pain and arthritis

73
Q

What are herbs for analgesics?

A

tumeric, devil’s claw, frankincense, willow

74
Q

What are the actions for willow (salix spp)

A

antirheumatic, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic

75
Q

What are the indications for willow?

A

arthritis, myalgia, pain

76
Q

What are the actions of Devil’s Claw

A

antiinflammatory, antirheumatic, analgesic

77
Q

What are the indications of Devil’s Claw?

A

Rheumatic Conditions, Arthritis, Chronic Back Pain (Caution: gastric ulcers)

78
Q

What are actions of tumeric?

A

antiinflammatory, antirheumatic

79
Q

What are indications for turmeric/

A

rheumatic conditions, arthritis, chronic back pain

80
Q

What is myalgia?

A

muscle pain

81
Q

What are the actions of myalgia?

A

anodyne, antiinflammatory

82
Q

What are herbs for treatment of myalgia?

A

essential oils, castor oil, cayenne plaster, arnica gel (topical)

83
Q

What is anodyne?

A

Alleviates pain when applied topically (topical analgesic)

84
Q

What are the action of anodyne?

A

cold receptors, hot receptors, nerve blocks

85
Q

What are the indications for anodyne?

A

arthritis, myalgia, neuropathy

86
Q

What are counter irritants?

A

a type of anodyne that causes sensation or irritation to the skin to lessen the perception of pain

87
Q

What are actions of counter-irritant?

A

cold and hot receptors

88
Q

What are indications of counter-irritant?

A

arthritis, myalgia, neuropathy, insect bites, headaches

89
Q

What are the herbs treating counter-irritant?

A

peppermint, cayenne, wintergreen, camphor laurel (essential oils) - gate theory of pain, competing pain for sensation in the brain

90
Q

What is a rubefacient?

A

Makes the skin red by dilating capillaries causing an increase blood flow to the area resulting

91
Q

What are indications of rubefacient?

A

myalgia, arthritis

92
Q

What are the herbs that impact rubefacient?

A

peppermint, cayenne, wintergreen, camphor laurel

93
Q

What are the actions of camphor laurel (cinnamomum camphora)?

A

Camphor is an anodyne, antipruritic, counter-irritant

94
Q

What are the indications of camphor?

A

muscle pain, insect bites, itchy skin (toxic in hihg amounts if consumed orally, can be absorbed through the skin)

95
Q

What are the actions of Wintergreen (Gaultheria Procumbens)?

A

antiinflammatory, rubefacient, counter-irritant, anodyne, antipruritic

96
Q

What are indications of wintergreen?

A

muscle pain, insect bites (toxic internally)

97
Q

What are the peppermint (mentha Piperita) actions?

A

rubefacient, counter-irritant, anodyne, antipruritic

98
Q

What are the indications of peppermint?

A

topically: muscle pain and insect bites

99
Q

What are the actions of cayenne?

A

analgesic, rubefacient

100
Q

What are the indications of cayenne?

A

topical application: myalgia (muscle pain), artheritis, peripheral neuropathy

101
Q

What are the actions of castor oil?

A

analgesic, antiinflammatory (toxic ricin within the castor plant)

102
Q

what are the indications of castor oil?

A

tpocial: myalgia (muscle pain), arthritis, bruises

103
Q

What are the actions of insect bites?

A

insect repellant, antipruritic

104
Q

What are herbs for insect bites?

A

repellant - essential oils: lemongrass, catnip, basil, camphor, neem

Applying to bites: essential oils, plantain

105
Q

What are actions for cold sores?

A

antimicrobial

106
Q

What are herbs for cold sores?

A

honey and bee propolis, green tea, lemon balm, st. john’s wort, oregano oil

107
Q

what are actions for warts?

A

eschariotic 9substance that destroys/burns off tissues), antiviral

108
Q

what are herbs for warts?

A

may apple, cedar, bloodroot (topically)

109
Q

What are eschariotic?

A

destroys tissues, producing an eschar (scab) that sloughs off

110
Q

What are herbs that are eschariotic?

A

blood root, may apple

111
Q

What are the actions of may apple (podophyllum peltatum)?

A

antimitotic, antiviral, eschariotic

112
Q

What are indications for may apple?

A

warts, cancer

113
Q

What are the actions for bloodrot (Sanguinaria canadensis)?

A

escharotic, antimicrobial

114
Q

What are indications for bloodroot?

A

warts, skin cancer, fungal infections (internal use only)

115
Q

What are the herbs for athlete’s foot?

A

antifungal, tea tree oil, garlic

Bot Med Final Exam Year 1 (6 decks)

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