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Bot Med Final Exam Year 1 > Skin Lesions and Muscularskeletal > Flashcards

Skin Lesions and Muscularskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

What are burns?

A

lesions that result from exposure to heat, radiation of caustic chemicals. Dept of burn depends on intensity and duration. 1st degree (superficial), 2nd degree (partial thickness) - blistering, 3rd degree (full thickness) skin appears charred with little sensation

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2
Q

What are actions of burns?

A

vulnerary, astringent

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3
Q

What are herbs for first degree burns

A

marigold, chamomile, aloe vera, witch-hazel, oak

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4
Q

What is good for sunburn prevention?

A

carteonoids in diet - ie. carrot juice (but not supplements)

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5
Q

What is vulnerary indications?

A

soft tissue injuries (wounds, lacerations, burns, bruises, ulcers), hard tissue injuries (sprains, strains and fractures), modulates inflammatory process

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6
Q

What are vulnerary herbs?

A

marigold, greater plantain, arnica, comfrey, chamomile

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7
Q

What are actions of marigold (Calendula officinalis)?

A

vulnerary, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antiulcerogenic

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8
Q

What are indications for calendula?

A

burns, wound healing, dermatitis, eczema, acne (pregnancy use with caution)

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9
Q

What are actions for Aloe (Aloe Vera)?

A

vulnerary, dumulcent, immunostimulant

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10
Q

What are indications for aloe?

A

thermal burns (2nd degree) and wound healing

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11
Q

What are lacerations?

A

a wound to the skin and underlying tissue caused by a sharp object that causes tearing and results in bleeding (some vulneraries are not suitable for lacerations because of systemic absorption)

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12
Q

What are actions of lacerations?

A

astringent, styptic, vulnerary

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13
Q

What are herbs for lacerations?

A

witch hazel, oak, marigold (calendula)

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14
Q

What are indications for astringents?

A

External wound healing, lacerations, burns, ulcers, dermatitis

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15
Q

What are herbs for astringents?

A

witch hazel, oak

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16
Q

What are styptic?

A

An astringent compound that stops bleeding when applied topically

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17
Q

What are indications for styptic?

A

lacerations, ulcers

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18
Q

What are herbs for styptic?

A

witch hazel, oak

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19
Q

What are actions for witch hazel and oak?

A

astringent, antiinflammatory, antihemorrhagic, styptic

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20
Q

What are indications for witch hazel and oak?

A

lacerations, bruises, wheeping eczema, varicose veins (all topically)

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21
Q

What are leg ulcers?

A

wounds that occur to the skin that fail to heal, commonly includes: diabetic ulcer, decubitus ulcers (bedsores, pressure ulcers), venous and arterial ulcers (poor circulation), nutrient deficiencies

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22
Q

What are leg ulcer actions?

A

astringent, vulnerary

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23
Q

what are herbs for leg ulcers?

A

greater plantain, calendula, comfrey, honey, witch hazel

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24
Q

What are antiulcerogenic?

A

prevents and/or facilitates the healing of ulcers

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25
what are actions of antiulcerogenics?
vulnerary, demulcent, astringent, antimicrobials
26
What are actions of greater plantain?
vulnerary, antiulcerogenic, antiinflammatory, demulcent
27
what are indications of greater plantain?
leg ulcers, wounds, eczema, insect bites - can be used as a replacement to calendula
28
what are actions for honey?
antimicrobial, osmotic, iron chelator, acidic, vulnerary, antiulcerogenic, antiinflammatory
29
what are indications for honey
Leg ulcers, burns, herpes simplex (cold sores)
30
What are actions for bruises?
vulnerary, antiinflammatory, astringent
31
What are herbs for bruises?
arnica, witch hazel
32
What are actions for arnica?
vulnerary, antiinflammatory, antiseptic
33
What are indications for arnica?
bruises, myalgia (muscle pain), arthritis (external use only do not use on broken skin)
34
What are chronic skin conditions?
believed to be caused by bad blood from waste and toxins that disrupt normal functioning of the body
35
What are actions of chronic skin conditions?
alteratives, lymphatics, hepatics, laxatives, hormone regulator, phytoestrogens, vulnerary
36
What are alteratives?
A blood cleanser that facilitates the removal of waste products that interfere with the normal functioning of the body
37
What are indications for alteratives?
chronic skin conditions and metabolic disturbances
38
What are herbs for alteratives?
burdock root, barberry, yellow dock
39
What are actions for Burdock Root (arctium lappa)?
alterative, bitter, prebiotic (bitters are good for reducing inflammation)
40
What are the indications for burdock root?
chronic skin complaints (acne, psoriasis, eczema)
41
What are actions for yellow dock?
alterative, bowel tonic, laxative (stimulating) and bitter
42
What are indications for yellow dock?
chronic skin eruption (due to poor elimination and digestion), eczema, acne, psoriasis, sluggish bowels, constipation **red coloured urine, toxi with long term use and possible hypokalemia
43
What are lymphatics?
promote the proper functioning of the lymphatic organs and the drainage of lymph to help clean the blood
44
What are the indications for lympathics?
chronic skin conditions, viral infections, swollen lymph nodes *lymphatics are often a type of alterative but not all alteratives are lymphatics
45
What are herbs for lymphatics?
galium
46
What are the actions for Galium?
lymphatic, alterative, diuretics
47
What are indications for Galium?
skin conditions, swollen lymph nodes and exanthematous rashes (measles)
48
What is acute dermatitis?
contact dermatitis (caused by allergy or chemical sensitivity), wheeping eczema - raw, cracked skin resulting in bleeding and excretion of fluids
49
What is chronic forms?
atopic dermatitis (internal/external allergens), seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff, cradle cap) - also found in high sebum areas - scalp, face, brows - caused by a fungus
50
What are actions of dermatitis and eczema?
astringent, emollient, antiinflammatory, vulnerary, antiallergic, antipruritic, antifungal
51
What are herbs for dermatitis and eczema?
marigold, tea tree, witch hazel, oatmeal (topically) barberry, yellow dock, burdock (internally)
52
What are herbs for poison ivy?
External use: oak, oatmeal bath, greater plantain
53
What is an emollient and its herbs?
softens and soothes skin, olive oil and oatmeal
54
What is antipruritic?
It relieves the itch sensation
55
What are indications for antipruritic?
insect bites, eczema, poison ivy, stinging nettles
56
What are actions for oatmeal bath (aveena sativa)?
demulcent, antipruritic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, emollient
57
What are indications (external)?
dermatitis, poison ivy, eczema, sunburn
58
What are actions for acne?
hormone regulator, alterative, phytoestrogenic, vulnerary, antimicrobial
59
What are herbs for acne?
Internal: chaste berry, barberry, red clover, yellow dock Topical (external) - tea tree, green tea, marigold (calendula), honey
60
What are actions for fractures?
vulnerary, antiinflammatory
61
What are herbs for fractures?
External Comfrey (knit bone) and San Qi, internal San Qi
62
What are indications for comfrey?
vulnerary, antiinflammatory, demulcent, astringent (root)
63
What are indications?
bone fractures, soft and hard tissue injury
64
What is osteo vis rhuamtoid arthritis?
Osteoarthritis - degeneration caused by wear and tear, rheumatoid arthritis - autoimmune disease that targets joints and has greater inflammation and swelling than osteo
65
What is the action of arthritis?
antirheumatic, antiinflammatory, anodyne, analgesic
66
What are herbs for arthritis?
Internal: tumeric, devil'd clase, indian frankincense Topical: castor oil, arnica gel
67
What is an antirheumatic
Relieves rheumatism
68
What are indications for antirheumatic
arthritis, fibromyalgia, myalgia
69
What are herbs for antirhuematic?
tumeric, devil's claw, frankincense, willow
70
What are indications for antiinflammatory
arthritis, gastritis, colitis, cystitis, nephritis, hepatitis, cholecystitis, dermatitits
71
What are herbs for antiinflammation?
tumeric, devil's claw, frankincense (boswellia), willow (salix)
72
What are analgesics and their indications?
Alleviates pain wihtout loss of consciousness, ie. pain and arthritis
73
What are herbs for analgesics?
tumeric, devil's claw, frankincense, willow
74
What are the actions for willow (salix spp)
antirheumatic, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic
75
What are the indications for willow?
arthritis, myalgia, pain
76
What are the actions of Devil's Claw
antiinflammatory, antirheumatic, analgesic
77
What are the indications of Devil's Claw?
Rheumatic Conditions, Arthritis, Chronic Back Pain (Caution: gastric ulcers)
78
What are actions of tumeric?
antiinflammatory, antirheumatic
79
What are indications for turmeric/
rheumatic conditions, arthritis, chronic back pain
80
What is myalgia?
muscle pain
81
What are the actions of myalgia?
anodyne, antiinflammatory
82
What are herbs for treatment of myalgia?
essential oils, castor oil, cayenne plaster, arnica gel (topical)
83
What is anodyne?
Alleviates pain when applied topically (topical analgesic)
84
What are the action of anodyne?
cold receptors, hot receptors, nerve blocks
85
What are the indications for anodyne?
arthritis, myalgia, neuropathy
86
What are counter irritants?
a type of anodyne that causes sensation or irritation to the skin to lessen the perception of pain
87
What are actions of counter-irritant?
cold and hot receptors
88
What are indications of counter-irritant?
arthritis, myalgia, neuropathy, insect bites, headaches
89
What are the herbs treating counter-irritant?
peppermint, cayenne, wintergreen, camphor laurel (essential oils) - gate theory of pain, competing pain for sensation in the brain
90
What is a rubefacient?
Makes the skin red by dilating capillaries causing an increase blood flow to the area resulting
91
What are indications of rubefacient?
myalgia, arthritis
92
What are the herbs that impact rubefacient?
peppermint, cayenne, wintergreen, camphor laurel
93
What are the actions of camphor laurel (cinnamomum camphora)?
Camphor is an anodyne, antipruritic, counter-irritant
94
What are the indications of camphor?
muscle pain, insect bites, itchy skin (toxic in hihg amounts if consumed orally, can be absorbed through the skin)
95
What are the actions of Wintergreen (Gaultheria Procumbens)?
antiinflammatory, rubefacient, counter-irritant, anodyne, antipruritic
96
What are indications of wintergreen?
muscle pain, insect bites (toxic internally)
97
What are the peppermint (mentha Piperita) actions?
rubefacient, counter-irritant, anodyne, antipruritic
98
What are the indications of peppermint?
topically: muscle pain and insect bites
99
What are the actions of cayenne?
analgesic, rubefacient
100
What are the indications of cayenne?
topical application: myalgia (muscle pain), artheritis, peripheral neuropathy
101
What are the actions of castor oil?
analgesic, antiinflammatory (toxic ricin within the castor plant)
102
what are the indications of castor oil?
tpocial: myalgia (muscle pain), arthritis, bruises
103
What are the actions of insect bites?
insect repellant, antipruritic
104
What are herbs for insect bites?
repellant - essential oils: lemongrass, catnip, basil, camphor, neem Applying to bites: essential oils, plantain
105
What are actions for cold sores?
antimicrobial
106
What are herbs for cold sores?
honey and bee propolis, green tea, lemon balm, st. john's wort, oregano oil
107
what are actions for warts?
eschariotic 9substance that destroys/burns off tissues), antiviral
108
what are herbs for warts?
may apple, cedar, bloodroot (topically)
109
What are eschariotic?
destroys tissues, producing an eschar (scab) that sloughs off
110
What are herbs that are eschariotic?
blood root, may apple
111
What are the actions of may apple (podophyllum peltatum)?
antimitotic, antiviral, eschariotic
112
What are indications for may apple?
warts, cancer
113
What are the actions for bloodrot (Sanguinaria canadensis)?
escharotic, antimicrobial
114
What are indications for bloodroot?
warts, skin cancer, fungal infections (internal use only)
115
What are the herbs for athlete's foot?
antifungal, tea tree oil, garlic

Bot Med Final Exam Year 1 (6 decks)

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