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Bot Med Final Exam Year 1 > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

What are adaptogens?

A

increase the ability of the body to cope with stress and prevent infection

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2
Q

What are immunostimulants?

A

stimulate the immune system to increase the body’s ability to combat infection

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3
Q

What are antimicrobials?

A

they destroy or inhibit growth of microorganisms

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4
Q

What are antivirals?

A

they inhibit growth of viruses

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5
Q

What are anti adherance?

A

prevents adherence of bacteria or viruses to the mucous membranes

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6
Q

What are febrifuge?

A

reduce fever, also good for infections causing fevers, similar to tylenol/aspirin

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7
Q

What are diaphoretics?

A

stimulate perspiration and reduce fever (doesn’t exist in the drug world)

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8
Q

What are antitussives?

A

relieve coughing - can use demulcents, expectorants, cough suppressants

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9
Q

What are cough suppressants?

A

Antitussives that inhibit the cough reflex (use with caution on wet coughs)

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10
Q

What are demulcents?

A

increases production of mucous in respiratory tract = moistening and protection of lungs and reducing cough

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11
Q

What are expectorants?

A

facilitates expulsion of phlegm from lungs

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12
Q

What are antispasmodics?

A

relieves the spasms of smooth muscle

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13
Q

What are bronchodilators?

A

opens bronchioles to make it easier to breathe

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14
Q

What are decongestants?

A

relieves nasal congestion (nasal catarrh), stimulates sympathetic, antihistamine

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15
Q

What are antiallergic?

A

decreases symptoms associated with allergies (runny nose, itchy eyes)

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16
Q

What is the action of garlic?

A

antimicrobial

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17
Q

What are indications for garlic?

A

bacterial infections, fungal infections, viral infections, parasitic infections

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18
Q

What is the action and herbs used for ear infections?

A

antimicrobial, vulnary, anodyne – ear oil, allium, verbascum, calenula, hypericum

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19
Q

What are actions of Nettle (Urtica Spp)?

A

Antiallergic (antihistamine), astringent, antiinflammatory

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20
Q

What are indications for nettle?

A

seasonal allergies

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21
Q

What are actions of Eyebright (Eypharasia Officinalis)

A

astringent, antiallergic, anticatarrhal, antiinflammatory

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22
Q

What are indications for Eyebright?

A

reduces catarrh of the eyes, nose and ears - conjuctivitis, rhinitis - topical application

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23
Q

What are indications for antiallergic and herbs?

A

sinusitis, rhinitis - eyebright, nettle

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24
Q

what are indications for decongestants?

A

upper respiratory tract infections, sinusitis, rhinitis, allergies

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25
what are herbs that are decongestants?
ma Huang, blue gum, cayenne
26
what are allergies?
immune response to a foreign substance typically causing a runny nose, itchy eyes, fatigue
27
what are actions and herbs for allergies?
antiallergic, antihistamine -- herbs: eyebright, nettle, rosemary, astragalus
28
What are actions of Jimson Weed (Datura Stramonium)?
anticholinergic, antispasmodic, bronchodilator
29
What are indications for Jimson Weed?
acute asthma (smoked) ** caution: narrow therapeutic indiex - tachycardia, insomnia, decreased appetite, dry mouth, tremors and hallucinations
30
What are the actions of Ephedra (Ephedra Sinica)?
bronchodilator, sympathomimetic, diaphoretic, decongestant, antispasmodic
31
What are indications for ephedra?
constricted breathing, bronchitis, acute asthma, nasal congestion associated with infection/allergies, sinusitis
32
what are indications for bronchodilators?
asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia
33
What are herbs for bronchodilation?
ephedra, jimson weed, coffee
34
What are actions to help asthma?
bronchodilators, expectorants, antiinflammatories * also bronchial astham - period asthma like attacks of coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath and chest tightness
35
What are the actions of Red Clover?
antispasmodic, expectorant, antitussive, alterative
36
What are indications of red clover?
spasmodic cough, pertussis (whooping cough), bronchitis, pneumonia
37
What are the actions of Thyme (Thymus Vulgaris)?
antitussive, antispasmodic, expectorant, antimicrobial
38
What are indications for Thyme?
infections associated with copius mucous, bronchial constriction and spasmodic coughing - bronchitis, pneumonia, croup, pertussis
39
How are Thyme and peppermint different?
Thyme is important spasmolytic for tracheal while peppermint is the choice for intestines
40
What are indications for antispasmodic/ spasmolytic?
labored breathing, spastic cough, bronchitis, whooping cough, croup, asthma
41
What are herbs that are antispasmodic?
horehound, thyme, red clover
42
What are the actions of white horehound?
expectorant, antispasmodic, bitter
43
What are the indications of horehound?
wet cough, bronchitis, asthma ** use with caution in pregnancy 9can impact menstrual flow)
44
What are the actions of Indian Tobacco (lobelia inflata) - puke weed?
expectorant, emetic, antispasmodic
45
What are indications for indian tobacco?
asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia ** Avoid use during pregnancy - high doses may cause nausea and vomitting
46
What are the actions of Licorice (Glycherriza Glabra)?
expectorant, antiviral, demulcent
47
What are indications of licorice?
influenza, bronchitis, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) - increases mucous production ** caution with pregnancy because increases blood pressure
48
What are the actions of Eucalyptus (eucalyptus globulus)?
expectorant, antispasmodic, antiseptic, antimicrobial
49
What are the indications for eucalyptus?
productive coughs (orally or steam inhaled), cold, bronchitis, asthma *common ingredient in cold medications)
50
What are expectorant indications?
wet cough, bronchitis, asthma
51
What are herbs that are expectorants?
indian tobacco, blue gum, licorice, horehound, mullein, colts foot
52
What are actions of elecampane (inula helenium)?
expectorant, antitussive, antimicrobial, bitter, anthelmintic
53
What are indications for elecampane?
chronic wet coughs, bronchitis, emphysema, asthma
54
What are actions needed to fight bronchitis, pneumonia and croup?
antimicrobial, immunostimulants, diaphoretic, expectorants, antispasmodics, bronchodialators, antitussive
55
What are the actions of wild black cherry (Prunus Serotina)?
antitussive, cough suppressant
56
What are indications of wild black cherry?
spasmodic cough, dry and unproductive cough
57
How does wild black cherry work?
Cyanide binds to peripheral chemoreceptors in the phrenic nerve inhibiting the action of muscles involved in respiration and preventing coughing
58
What are actions and indications of cough suppressants?
antitussive, dry and spastic cough
59
What are herbs that are cough suppressants?
Wild Black Cherry, Cacao, Opium Poppy
60
What are actions of Colt's Foot (Tussilago Farfara)?
actitussive, demulcent, expectorant
61
What are indications for colts foot?
dry cough, bronchitis, asthma
62
What are actions of Mullein (Verbascum Thapsus)?
antitussive, demulcent, expectorant
63
What are the indications of Mullein?
lung irritation, dry cough, bronchitis, asthma
64
What are the actions of antitussives?
coughs treated by: demulcents, expectorants and cough suppressants
65
What are the indications for antitussives?
dry coughs, wet coughs
66
What are herbs for antitussives?
mullein, colt's foot, wild black cherry, opium poppu
67
What are actions for cough?
antitussive, cough suppresant, demulcent, expectorant
68
What are actions for slippery elm?
demulcent
69
What are indications for slippery elm?
sore throat, laryngitis, hoarseness of voice, singer's nodes (mucilage)
70
What are indications for demulcents?
sore throat, laryngitis, dry cough
71
What are herbs for demulcents?
mullein, colt's foot, marshmallow, licorice, slippery elm
72
What are actions and herbs for laryngitis?
demulcent = slippery elm, marshmallow
73
What are actions for elder (Sambucus Canadensis)?
antiadherence, antiviral, diaphoretic, astringent
74
What are indications for elder?
upper respirator tract infections, colds, influenze, sinusitis
75
What are indications for diaphoretic?
fever, colds, flus and detoxification
76
What are herbs for diaphoretics?
elder, cayenne, ephedra (induces sweating to reduce a fever)
77
What are indications for febrifuge/antipyretic?
virus, parasites, bacteria
78
What are actions for Boneset (Eupatorium Perfoliatum)?
antimicrobial, antiviral, febrifuge, diaphoretic, immunostimulant
79
What are indications for boneset?
acute febrile respiratory infections with cough, esp. when associated with deep muscle and bone pain: influenza, acute bronchitis, measles, common cold
80
What are indications for lomatium (lomatium dissectum)?
viral infections, respiratory tract infections (colds, influenze, bronchitis, pnuemonia)
81
What are actions of lomatium?
antiviral, expectorant, antispasmodic, immunostimulant (can get a rash 5-10% of ppl)
82
What are herbs for antiviral?
lomatium, licorice, elder, goldenseal, boneset
83
What are actions of influenza?
antimicrobial, antiviral, antiadherence, immunostimulants
84
What are influenza herbs?
elder, goldenseal, licorice, purple core flower, boneset, lomatium
85
What are actions for Goldenseal (Hydrastis Canadensis)?
antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic, antifungal, bitter
86
What are indications for Goldenseal?
respiratory tract infections, gastrointestinal infections, dermatologic infections
87
What are actions for goldenseal?
antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic, antifungal, bitter
88
What are indications for antimicrobial?
respiratory tract infection
89
What are actions of purple cone flower (Echinacea angustifolium)?
immunostimulant, antiinflammatory
90
What are indications for purple cone flower?
infections, cancer
91
What are indication for immunostimulants and herbs?
infection, cancer -- purple cone flower, Canadian ginseng
92
What are actions of Huang Qi (Astragalus membranaceus, astragalus propinquus)
adaptogen, immunomodulating, immunostimulating, antiviral
93
What are indications for Huang Qi?
used in lung/spleen tonic in TCM for stress, cold and flu prevention, fatigue, cancer
94
What are actions of Adaptogens?
In TCM - nourish lung, spleen, kidneys, heart
95
What are indications for adaptogens?
stress, prevent colds and flus
96
What are indications for the common cold?
adaptogen. immunostimulants, antimicrobials

Bot Med Final Exam Year 1 (6 decks)

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