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Bot Med Final Exam Year 1 > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

What are adaptogens?

A

increase the ability of the body to cope with stress and prevent infection

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2
Q

What are immunostimulants?

A

stimulate the immune system to increase the body’s ability to combat infection

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3
Q

What are antimicrobials?

A

they destroy or inhibit growth of microorganisms

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4
Q

What are antivirals?

A

they inhibit growth of viruses

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5
Q

What are anti adherance?

A

prevents adherence of bacteria or viruses to the mucous membranes

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6
Q

What are febrifuge?

A

reduce fever, also good for infections causing fevers, similar to tylenol/aspirin

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7
Q

What are diaphoretics?

A

stimulate perspiration and reduce fever (doesn’t exist in the drug world)

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8
Q

What are antitussives?

A

relieve coughing - can use demulcents, expectorants, cough suppressants

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9
Q

What are cough suppressants?

A

Antitussives that inhibit the cough reflex (use with caution on wet coughs)

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10
Q

What are demulcents?

A

increases production of mucous in respiratory tract = moistening and protection of lungs and reducing cough

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11
Q

What are expectorants?

A

facilitates expulsion of phlegm from lungs

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12
Q

What are antispasmodics?

A

relieves the spasms of smooth muscle

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13
Q

What are bronchodilators?

A

opens bronchioles to make it easier to breathe

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14
Q

What are decongestants?

A

relieves nasal congestion (nasal catarrh), stimulates sympathetic, antihistamine

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15
Q

What are antiallergic?

A

decreases symptoms associated with allergies (runny nose, itchy eyes)

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16
Q

What is the action of garlic?

A

antimicrobial

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17
Q

What are indications for garlic?

A

bacterial infections, fungal infections, viral infections, parasitic infections

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18
Q

What is the action and herbs used for ear infections?

A

antimicrobial, vulnary, anodyne – ear oil, allium, verbascum, calenula, hypericum

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19
Q

What are actions of Nettle (Urtica Spp)?

A

Antiallergic (antihistamine), astringent, antiinflammatory

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20
Q

What are indications for nettle?

A

seasonal allergies

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21
Q

What are actions of Eyebright (Eypharasia Officinalis)

A

astringent, antiallergic, anticatarrhal, antiinflammatory

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22
Q

What are indications for Eyebright?

A

reduces catarrh of the eyes, nose and ears - conjuctivitis, rhinitis - topical application

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23
Q

What are indications for antiallergic and herbs?

A

sinusitis, rhinitis - eyebright, nettle

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24
Q

what are indications for decongestants?

A

upper respiratory tract infections, sinusitis, rhinitis, allergies

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25
Q

what are herbs that are decongestants?

A

ma Huang, blue gum, cayenne

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26
Q

what are allergies?

A

immune response to a foreign substance typically causing a runny nose, itchy eyes, fatigue

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27
Q

what are actions and herbs for allergies?

A

antiallergic, antihistamine – herbs: eyebright, nettle, rosemary, astragalus

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28
Q

What are actions of Jimson Weed (Datura Stramonium)?

A

anticholinergic, antispasmodic, bronchodilator

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29
Q

What are indications for Jimson Weed?

A

acute asthma (smoked) ** caution: narrow therapeutic indiex - tachycardia, insomnia, decreased appetite, dry mouth, tremors and hallucinations

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30
Q

What are the actions of Ephedra (Ephedra Sinica)?

A

bronchodilator, sympathomimetic, diaphoretic, decongestant, antispasmodic

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31
Q

What are indications for ephedra?

A

constricted breathing, bronchitis, acute asthma, nasal congestion associated with infection/allergies, sinusitis

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32
Q

what are indications for bronchodilators?

A

asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia

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33
Q

What are herbs for bronchodilation?

A

ephedra, jimson weed, coffee

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34
Q

What are actions to help asthma?

A

bronchodilators, expectorants, antiinflammatories * also bronchial astham - period asthma like attacks of coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath and chest tightness

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35
Q

What are the actions of Red Clover?

A

antispasmodic, expectorant, antitussive, alterative

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36
Q

What are indications of red clover?

A

spasmodic cough, pertussis (whooping cough), bronchitis, pneumonia

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37
Q

What are the actions of Thyme (Thymus Vulgaris)?

A

antitussive, antispasmodic, expectorant, antimicrobial

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38
Q

What are indications for Thyme?

A

infections associated with copius mucous, bronchial constriction and spasmodic coughing - bronchitis, pneumonia, croup, pertussis

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39
Q

How are Thyme and peppermint different?

A

Thyme is important spasmolytic for tracheal while peppermint is the choice for intestines

40
Q

What are indications for antispasmodic/ spasmolytic?

A

labored breathing, spastic cough, bronchitis, whooping cough, croup, asthma

41
Q

What are herbs that are antispasmodic?

A

horehound, thyme, red clover

42
Q

What are the actions of white horehound?

A

expectorant, antispasmodic, bitter

43
Q

What are the indications of horehound?

A

wet cough, bronchitis, asthma ** use with caution in pregnancy 9can impact menstrual flow)

44
Q

What are the actions of Indian Tobacco (lobelia inflata) - puke weed?

A

expectorant, emetic, antispasmodic

45
Q

What are indications for indian tobacco?

A

asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia ** Avoid use during pregnancy - high doses may cause nausea and vomitting

46
Q

What are the actions of Licorice (Glycherriza Glabra)?

A

expectorant, antiviral, demulcent

47
Q

What are indications of licorice?

A

influenza, bronchitis, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) - increases mucous production ** caution with pregnancy because increases blood pressure

48
Q

What are the actions of Eucalyptus (eucalyptus globulus)?

A

expectorant, antispasmodic, antiseptic, antimicrobial

49
Q

What are the indications for eucalyptus?

A

productive coughs (orally or steam inhaled), cold, bronchitis, asthma *common ingredient in cold medications)

50
Q

What are expectorant indications?

A

wet cough, bronchitis, asthma

51
Q

What are herbs that are expectorants?

A

indian tobacco, blue gum, licorice, horehound, mullein, colts foot

52
Q

What are actions of elecampane (inula helenium)?

A

expectorant, antitussive, antimicrobial, bitter, anthelmintic

53
Q

What are indications for elecampane?

A

chronic wet coughs, bronchitis, emphysema, asthma

54
Q

What are actions needed to fight bronchitis, pneumonia and croup?

A

antimicrobial, immunostimulants, diaphoretic, expectorants, antispasmodics, bronchodialators, antitussive

55
Q

What are the actions of wild black cherry (Prunus Serotina)?

A

antitussive, cough suppressant

56
Q

What are indications of wild black cherry?

A

spasmodic cough, dry and unproductive cough

57
Q

How does wild black cherry work?

A

Cyanide binds to peripheral chemoreceptors in the phrenic nerve inhibiting the action of muscles involved in respiration and preventing coughing

58
Q

What are actions and indications of cough suppressants?

A

antitussive, dry and spastic cough

59
Q

What are herbs that are cough suppressants?

A

Wild Black Cherry, Cacao, Opium Poppy

60
Q

What are actions of Colt’s Foot (Tussilago Farfara)?

A

actitussive, demulcent, expectorant

61
Q

What are indications for colts foot?

A

dry cough, bronchitis, asthma

62
Q

What are actions of Mullein (Verbascum Thapsus)?

A

antitussive, demulcent, expectorant

63
Q

What are the indications of Mullein?

A

lung irritation, dry cough, bronchitis, asthma

64
Q

What are the actions of antitussives?

A

coughs treated by: demulcents, expectorants and cough suppressants

65
Q

What are the indications for antitussives?

A

dry coughs, wet coughs

66
Q

What are herbs for antitussives?

A

mullein, colt’s foot, wild black cherry, opium poppu

67
Q

What are actions for cough?

A

antitussive, cough suppresant, demulcent, expectorant

68
Q

What are actions for slippery elm?

A

demulcent

69
Q

What are indications for slippery elm?

A

sore throat, laryngitis, hoarseness of voice, singer’s nodes (mucilage)

70
Q

What are indications for demulcents?

A

sore throat, laryngitis, dry cough

71
Q

What are herbs for demulcents?

A

mullein, colt’s foot, marshmallow, licorice, slippery elm

72
Q

What are actions and herbs for laryngitis?

A

demulcent = slippery elm, marshmallow

73
Q

What are actions for elder (Sambucus Canadensis)?

A

antiadherence, antiviral, diaphoretic, astringent

74
Q

What are indications for elder?

A

upper respirator tract infections, colds, influenze, sinusitis

75
Q

What are indications for diaphoretic?

A

fever, colds, flus and detoxification

76
Q

What are herbs for diaphoretics?

A

elder, cayenne, ephedra (induces sweating to reduce a fever)

77
Q

What are indications for febrifuge/antipyretic?

A

virus, parasites, bacteria

78
Q

What are actions for Boneset (Eupatorium Perfoliatum)?

A

antimicrobial, antiviral, febrifuge, diaphoretic, immunostimulant

79
Q

What are indications for boneset?

A

acute febrile respiratory infections with cough, esp. when associated with deep muscle and bone pain: influenza, acute bronchitis, measles, common cold

80
Q

What are indications for lomatium (lomatium dissectum)?

A

viral infections, respiratory tract infections (colds, influenze, bronchitis, pnuemonia)

81
Q

What are actions of lomatium?

A

antiviral, expectorant, antispasmodic, immunostimulant (can get a rash 5-10% of ppl)

82
Q

What are herbs for antiviral?

A

lomatium, licorice, elder, goldenseal, boneset

83
Q

What are actions of influenza?

A

antimicrobial, antiviral, antiadherence, immunostimulants

84
Q

What are influenza herbs?

A

elder, goldenseal, licorice, purple core flower, boneset, lomatium

85
Q

What are actions for Goldenseal (Hydrastis Canadensis)?

A

antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic, antifungal, bitter

86
Q

What are indications for Goldenseal?

A

respiratory tract infections, gastrointestinal infections, dermatologic infections

87
Q

What are actions for goldenseal?

A

antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic, antifungal, bitter

88
Q

What are indications for antimicrobial?

A

respiratory tract infection

89
Q

What are actions of purple cone flower (Echinacea angustifolium)?

A

immunostimulant, antiinflammatory

90
Q

What are indications for purple cone flower?

A

infections, cancer

91
Q

What are indication for immunostimulants and herbs?

A

infection, cancer – purple cone flower, Canadian ginseng

92
Q

What are actions of Huang Qi (Astragalus membranaceus, astragalus propinquus)

A

adaptogen, immunomodulating, immunostimulating, antiviral

93
Q

What are indications for Huang Qi?

A

used in lung/spleen tonic in TCM for stress, cold and flu prevention, fatigue, cancer

94
Q

What are actions of Adaptogens?

A

In TCM - nourish lung, spleen, kidneys, heart

95
Q

What are indications for adaptogens?

A

stress, prevent colds and flus

96
Q

What are indications for the common cold?

A

adaptogen. immunostimulants, antimicrobials

Bot Med Final Exam Year 1 (6 decks)

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