Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bot Med Final Exam Year 1 > Gastrointestinal and Heptaobiliary > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal and Heptaobiliary Flashcards

1
Q

What is indigestion (dyspepsia)?

A

Complaints after eating that include: fullness, belching, bloating, gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the action of indigestion?

A

bitters, carminatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are herbs for indigestion?

A

Digestive Enzymes: papaya, pineapple

Bitters: yellow gentian, wormwood

Carminatives: chamomile, peppermint, ginger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are actions and indications of digestive enzymes?

A

supplementary enzymes that help digest proteins, digestive, indigestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are herbs that are digestive enzymes?

A

papaya, pineapple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are bitter tonics?

A

Stimulate appetite, promotes digestion and tonifies the digestive tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the actions of bitter tonic?

A

stomachic, cholagogue, choleretic, hepatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are indications for bitter tonics?

A

indigestion (dyspepsia), atonic stomach, poor appetite (anorexia), hypochlorhydria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are bitter tonic herbs?

A

Yellow gentian, quinine tree, greater celandine, boldo, goldenseal, barberry, chicory, dandelion, milk thistle, burdock root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is stomachic?

A

tones the stomach and helps support digestion (use bitter herbs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are indications for stomachic

A

indigestion, hypochlorhydria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are choloretic?

A

increases the production and release of bile from the liver (use bitter herbs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are indications of choloretic?

A

indigestion, cholestasis, gall bladder, sludge, gallstones, detoxification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are cholagogue?

A

stimulates contraction of the gallbladder and the expulsion of bile (bitter herbs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the indications of cholagogues?

A

indigestion, cholestasis, gall bladder sludge, gallstones, detoxification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the actions of yellow gentian?

A

bitter (stomachic, hepatic, cholagogue, choleretic, sialogogue) (Caution: pregnancy and lactation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the indications of yellow gentian?

A

digestive complaints, dyspepsia, hypochlorhydria, gallstones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is colic?

A

cramping pain that results from smotth muscle spasms (eg. biliary colic, intestinal colic, renal colic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the action of colic?

A

carminative, antispasmotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the herbs for colic?

A

Gripe water - contains many carminative herbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are carminatives?

A

promote digestion and relieves gas and bloating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are indications for carminatives?

A

indigestion, colic, flatulence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the herbs from carminatives?

A

peppermint, lemon balm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the actions of pepper,int (mentha piperita)?

A

carminative, antispasmodic, antiemetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the indications for peppermint?

A

indigestion, bloating and gas, flatulence, colic, irritible bowel syndrome (IBS), nausea, motion sickness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the bitters - aromatic?

A

taste less bitter than pure bitter have less tonic effect but the presence of essential oils (ie. carminatives) increases the local effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the actions of the bitter aromatics?

A

bitter (stomachic, hepatic, cholagogue, choleretic, sialogogue,), carminative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are indications of bitter aromatics?

A

atonic stomach conditions (ie. indigestion, annorhexia, hypochlorhydria, dyspepsia), colic, gall bladder complaints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are herbs that are bitter aromatics?

A

garden angelica, wormwood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the action of garden angelica?

A

aromatic bitter, carminative, antispasmodic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the indications of garden angelica?

A

digestive complaints, colic, bloating and gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Garden Angelica what are cautions?

A

furanocoumarins - photosensitization - similar to giant hogweed and grapefruit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the actions for wormwood?

A

bitter, carminative, antispasmotic Caution: with pregnancy, counter indication abortifacient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are the indications for wormwood?

A

gallbladder disease, digestive complaints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are gallstones?

A

stones made of cholesterol and/or billibrubin found in the gallbladder, usually caused by choelstasis and/or infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are the actions of gallstones?

A

antilithic, bitters, cholagogue, cholorectic, antispasmodics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are the herbs for gallstones?

A

boldo, greater celandine, barberry, peppermint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is an antilithic?

A

prevents and aids the expulsion of liths from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are indications and herbs for antilithics?

A

gallstones, kidney stones - boldo (herb)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What are actions of Boldo (Peumus boldus)

A

antilithic, bitter, carminative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are the indications for boldo?

A

gallstones, poor gall bladder function, indigestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are the cautions of boldo?

A

contra-indicated during pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What are the antispasmodic (spasmolytic)?

A

prevents and relieves spasms and cramping of smooth muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What are the indications of antispasmodics?

A

greater celandine, deadly nightshade, opium poppy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Are antispasmodic appropriate for constipation?

A

belladonna and opium are not…because they suppress peristalisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What are the actions of Greater Celandine (Chelidonium Majus)?

A

antispasmodic, bitter, stomachic, hepatic, cholagogue, choleretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What are the indications for greater celandine?

A

gallbladder spasm, biliary dyskinesia, gallstones, indigestion, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (Caution during pregnancy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What are the actions of nausea and vomitting?

A

antiemetic and carminative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What are herbs for nausea and vomitting?

A

ginger, german chamomile, peppermint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What are antiemetics?

A

relieves nausea and vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What are indications of antiemetics?

A

nausea and vomitting, morning sickness, sea sickness, side-effects of medications (ie. chemotherapy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What are antiemetic herbs?

A

ginger, peppermint (ginger safe during pregnancy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What are the actions of ginger (Zingiber Officinale)?

A

antiemetic, pungent bitter, carminative, antispasmodic, antiinflammatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What are the indications of ginger?

A

nausea, morning sickness, motion sickness, side-effects of chemotherapy, indigestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What is dry mouth?

A

due to lack of saliva, hypofunctioning of salivary glands, side effects of certain medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What are actions of dry mouth?

A

silagogue, bitter, parasympathomimetic

57
Q

What are herbs for dry mouth?

A

yellow gentian, ginger, cayenne

58
Q

What is a silagogue?

A

stimulates salivation

59
Q

What are indications for silagogue?

A

indigestion

60
Q

what are herbs for silagogue?

A

yellow gentian, ginger, cayenne

61
Q

What is the action of heart burn?

A

demulcent, vulnerary, bitters (controversial)

62
Q

What are herbs for heart burn?

A

demulcents: licorice, marshmallow, slippery elm

Bitter: yellow gentian

Antiulcerogenic: meadowsweet

63
Q

What are demulcents?

A

soothes irritated mucous membranes

64
Q

What are indications of demulcents?

A

heartburn, esophagitis, gastritis, colitis, bronchitis, cystitis

65
Q

What are herbs that are demulcents?

A

marshmallow, licorice, slippery elm, ground flax, oatmeal

66
Q

What are the actions of marshmallow?

A

demulcent, expectorant, emollient

67
Q

What are indications of marshmallow?

A

heartburn, gastritis, gastric and peptic ulcer

68
Q

What are the actions of Licorice?

A

antiulcerogenic, demulcent

69
Q

What are the indications?

A

gastric and peptic ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD) - DGL has glycyrrhizin removed can be used with hypertension - regular glyzyrrhizin causes elevated Blood Pressure

70
Q

What is gastritis and gastric ulcer?

A

inflammation of the lining of the stomach that may result in ulcer formation (bloating, burping, loss of appetite, black tarry stool, abdominal pain)

71
Q

What are the actions of gastritis and gastric ulcer?

A

demulcent, antimicrobials, antiulcer, antacid, antiulcerogenic, vulnerary, astringent, antispasmotic

72
Q

What herbs are helpful for gastritis and gastic ulcer?

A

licorice, marshmallow, meadowsweet, chamomile, goldenseal (bitters may aggrevate, demulcents can reduce aggrevation)

73
Q

What are antiulcerogenic?

A

decreases formation and speeds up the healling of ulcers

74
Q

What are actions of antiulcerogenics?

A

astringent, vulnerary, antacid

75
Q

What are the indications of antiulcerogenics?

A

gastric ulcer, peptic ulcer

76
Q

What are herbs for antiulcerogenics?

A

licorice, meadowsweet, german chamomile

77
Q

What are actions of meadowsweet?

A

stomachic, antacid, antiulcerogenic, antiinflammatory

78
Q

What are indications of meadowsweet

A

gastic ulcer, gastritis, gastric esophageal reflux disease, hyperchlorhydria (caution during pregnancy and lactation and with salycylic sensitivity)

79
Q

What are actions of Crane’s bill (geranium Maculatum)?

A

astringent, styptic

80
Q

What are indications of crane’s bill?

A

ulcers, diarrhea, lacerations

81
Q

What are vulnerary internal?

A

speeds up healing of wounds

82
Q

What are indications of vulnerary?

A

gastric ulcers, mouth ulcers, esophagitis (heart burn)

83
Q

What are herbs for vulnerary?

A

chamomile, marigold, greater plantain (do not use arnica or comfrey internally)

84
Q

What are actions of chamomile?

A

vulnerary, carminative, antiinflammatory, antiulcer, antiemetic, antispasmotic

85
Q

What are the indications of chamomile

A

gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, colic, flatulence, nausea, motion sickness

86
Q

What is acute poisoning?

A

ingestion of toxic substances that can cause serious harm: drug overdose, and food poisoning

87
Q

What are the actions of acute poisoning?

A

emetic, stimulating laxative

88
Q

What are the herbs that help acute poisoning?

A

ipecac, indian tobacco, castor oil

89
Q

What are emetics?

A

induces vomitting

90
Q

What are indications for emetics?

A

poisoning, detoxification, certain infections

91
Q

what are herbs used as emetics?

A

ipecac, indian tobacco

92
Q

what are ipecac actions?

A

emetic, antimicrobial

93
Q

what are the indication for emetics

A

overdoses, and poisoning (drugs, food) (Caution during pregnancy)

94
Q

What is a toxic liver?

A

liver becomes overburdened with toxins. Symptoms include nausea, fatigue, poor mental function, skin problems, sensitivity to drugs

95
Q

What are actions of toxic liver?

A

alteratives, cholagogoue and cholorectic, hepatoprotective, laxatives, diuretics

96
Q

What are the herbs for toxic liver?

A

milk, chicory, dandelion, psyllium husk, yellow dock, garlic, cruciferous vegetables

97
Q

What is hepatic

A

aids in liver function (most bitter herbs are hepatics)

98
Q

What are actions of hepatic

A

bitters, cholagogoue, cholorectic, hepatoprotective

99
Q

What are the indications of hepatic

A

detoxifications, liver disease, hepatic torpor (lazy liver)

100
Q

What are herbs that are hepatic

A

dandelion, barberry, chickory

101
Q

What are indications of dandelion?

A

bitter: indigestion, gallstones, detox

102
Q

what are indications of chicory?

A

bitter: indigestion, gallstones, detox

103
Q

what are hepatitis?

A

inflammation of liver – infection, drugs, herbs, toxins, alcohol, fatty liver disease

104
Q

what are actions of hepatitis?

A

hepatoprotective, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, cholagogoue, cholorectic, antimicrobial

105
Q

what are the herbs of hepatitis?

A

milk thistle

106
Q

What are hepatoprotective?

A

directly and/or indirectly helps protect the liver

107
Q

What are the actions of hepatoprotective?

A

antioxidant, antiinflammatory

108
Q

What are the indications of hepatoprotective?

A

general detoxification, hepatitis, adverse drug reactions, mushroom poisioning

109
Q

What are herbs for hepatoprotective?

A

milk thistle, ginseng, turmeric

110
Q

What are the actions of milk thistle

A

hepatoprotective, bitter

111
Q

What are indications of milk thistle

A

hepatitis, toxic liver disease, mushroom poisoning, skin conditions

112
Q

What are heptatoxic

A

damages the liver and may cause hepatitis or liver cancer

113
Q

what are the herbs for hepatotoxicity

A

black cohosh, greater celandine, comfrey

114
Q

what is a p450 inhibitor

A

inhibits phase 1 detoxification enzumes, which can result in a decrease in the clearance of certain substances (ie increases drug effects)

115
Q

what is a p450 inhibitor herb?

A

grapefruit juice (furanocoumarins)

116
Q

what is a p450 inducer?

A

increases activity of p450 enzyme which can result in faster clearance of some substances and/or formation of toxic intermediate products

117
Q

what is herbs for p450?

A

st. john’s wort, cruciferous vegetables (indole-3-carbinol)

118
Q

what are phase 2 inducers?

A

induce the phase 2 enzymes and supply them with substrates for conjugation

119
Q

what are phase 2 inducers herbs

A

garlic, cruciferous vegetables, milk thistle

120
Q

What are actions of constipation?

A

bulk laxative, stimulating laxative, carminative

121
Q

what are herbs for constipation?

A

ground flax, psyllium husk, senna, peppermint, lemon balm

122
Q

What are laxatives: stimulating?

A

promotes bowel movements by causing influx of water into the lumen and stimulating peristalsis

123
Q

What are the actions of laxative

A

increase influx of fluid to the lumen, increase peristalsis

124
Q

what are herbs for constipation?

A

aloe, senna, castor oil

125
Q

what are prebiotics?

A

a substance for increasing the growth of good bacteria in the gut

126
Q

what are the actions of prebiotic

A

immunomodulator, laxative

127
Q

what are indications for prebiotics

A

dysbiosis, poor immune function, constipation, diarrhea, leaky gut

128
Q

what are herbs for prebiotics

A

chickory root, burdock root, dandelion root, oatmeal

129
Q

What are actions of diaherrea

A

bulk laxatives, astringent, antispasmotic, carminatives, antimicrobial

130
Q

what are herbs for diarrhea

A

slippery elm, psyllium husk, marshmallow root, green bananas, crane’s bill, oak, bilberry, goldenseal, peppermint

131
Q

what are actions of bilberry?

A

astringent, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antioxidant

132
Q

what are indications of bilberry

A

infantile diarrhea

133
Q

what are actions of IBS

A

carminatives, bitters, bulk laxative, antimicrobials

134
Q

what are herbs for IBS

A

lemon balm, chelidonium, peppermint, psyllium husk, ground flax

135
Q

what are actions of lemon balm (melissa)

A

carminative, antispasmodic, nervine

136
Q

what are indications for lemon balm

A

nervous stomach, IBS, dyspepsia, bloating, flatulence, colic

137
Q

what are actions of IBD

A

antiinflammatory, carminative, bitters, antimicrobials

138
Q

what are herbs for IBD

A

tumeric, ginger, wormwood

Bot Med Final Exam Year 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions