Skin lesion recognition Flashcards

1
Q

Primary lesion (3)

A

1) develops as a direct result of the disease process
2) early lesion
3) has not been altered by trauma or spontaneous regression

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2
Q

Papule (4)

A

1) primary lesion
2) small solid elevation
3) up to 1 cm
4) due to infiltration of inflammatory cells and edema

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3
Q

Examples of a papule (2)

A

1) flea bites
2) superficial bacterial folliculitis

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4
Q

Pustule (3)

A

1) Primary lesion
2) small circumscribed elevation filled with purulent material
3) intraepidermal follicular or non-follicular

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5
Q

Examples of a pustule (3)

A

1) bacterial infection
2) Pemphigus foliaceus
3) follicular pustule: bacterial infection has a pore in the pustule

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6
Q

Plaque (3)

A

1) primary lesion
2) flat-topped elevation
3) formed by coalition of papules

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7
Q

Examples of a plaque

A

1) eosinophilic plaques in cats
2) calcinosis cutis

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8
Q

Wheal (hive) (4)

A

1) primary lesion
2) a sharply circumscribed, raised lesion
3) consist of edema
4) appear & disappear within minutes to hours

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9
Q

Examples of hives (3)

A

1) urticaria
2) insect bites
3) intradermal test

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10
Q

Macule (3)

A

1) Primary lesion
2) flat circumscribed skin discoloration < 1 cm in diameter
3) lacks surface elevation or depression

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11
Q

Types of discoloration (3)

A

1) loss of pigment
2) erythema
3) hyperpigmentation

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12
Q

Patch (2)

A

1) Primary lesion
2) flat circumscribed skin discoloration > 1 cm in diameter

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13
Q

Example of a patch (1)

A

1) canine atopic dermatitis

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14
Q

Vesicle (3)

A

1) primary lesion
2) sharply circumscribed elevated lesion <0.5 cm
3) contains fluid

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15
Q

Example of a vesicle (2)

A

1) viral disease
2) autoimmune disease

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16
Q

Bulla (3)

A

1) primary lesion
2) sharply circumscribed elevated lesion > 0.5 cm
3) contains fluid

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17
Q

Example of bulla (1)

A

1) autoimmune disease

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18
Q

Nodule (3)

A

1) Primary lesion
2) solid circumscribed elevated lesion > 1 cm in diameter
3) usually extends into the dermis

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19
Q

Example of a nodule (3)

A

1) neoplasia
2) deep infection
3) immunemediated

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20
Q

Cyst (2)

A

1) primary lesion
2) a nodule that contains fluid or semisolid material

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21
Q

example of a cyst (3)

A

1) follicular cyst
2) infundibular cyst
3) apocrine cyst

22
Q

How does a secondary l3esion develop? (3)

A

1) trauma to the skin
2) as a result of infection
3) regression of primary lesion

23
Q

Erosion (4)

A

1) secondary lesion
2) a partial loss of the epidermis
3) does not penetrate the basement membrane
4) heals without scarring

24
Q

Ulcer (4)

A

1) secondary lesion
2) a full loss of the epidermis
3) penetrate and extend beyond the basement membrane
4) heals with scarring

25
Q

Excoriation (3)

A

1) secondary lesion
2) linear erosion induced by scratching or trauma
3) seen in pruritic dermatoses

26
Q

Fissure (2)

A

1) secondary lesion
2) vertical loss of epidermis 7 dermis which sharply defined walls/crack in skin

27
Q

Scar (3)

A

1) secondary lesion
2) formation of new connective fibrous tissue (fibrosis)
3) implies prior dermo-epidermal damage

28
Q

Non expanding Epidermal collarette (3)

A

1) secondary lesion
2) circular ring of scales with erythema
3) “footprint” of a ruptured pustule

29
Q

Expanding Epidermal collarette (4)

A

1) secondary lesion
2) circular ring of scales with erythema
3) annular to polycyclic with peeling/lifting of the stratum corneum
4) caused by exfoliative toxins produced by staph. pseudintermedius

30
Q

Lichenification (5)

A

1) secondary lesion
2) marked thichening of all layers of the epidermis
3) resembles tree bark
4) accentuation of skin lines
5) caused by chronic rubbing or scratching

31
Q

Hyperkeratosis (3)

A

1) Secondary hyperkeratosis
2) increase in the thickness of the stratum corneum
3) chronic low grade trauma/barrier damage

32
Q

Types of skin lesion that can be primary or secondary (6)

A

1) alopecia
2) scales
3) crusts
4) follicular casts
5) comedones
6) hyper/hypo pigmentation

33
Q

Spontaneous (primary) Alopecia (3)

A

1) border of lesion usually a sharp margin
2) tip of hair usually not affected
3) easily epilated hair shaft at the borders

34
Q

Self-Induced (secondary) Alopecia (3)

A

1) border of lesion may have indistinct margin
2) tip of hair at the border usually broken
3) hair shaft not easily epilated

35
Q

Scale (5)

A

1) primary or secondary lesion
2) accumulation of loose fragment of the stratum corneum
3) “flakes”
4) due to disorder of the maturation of the epidermis and/or glandular secreation

36
Q

Primary scaling lesion (3)

A

1) primary seborrhea of cocker spaniel
2) ichthyosis
3) sebaceous adenitis

37
Q

Secondary scaling lesion due to (5)

A

1) xerosis (dry skin)
2) flea allergy dermatitis
3) canine atopic dermatitis
4) pyoderma
5) ectoparasites

38
Q

Crust (3)

A

1) primary or secondary
2) a collection of cellular debris, dried exudate, inflammatory cells or blood
3) various colors

39
Q

Primary crust lesion cause (2)

A

1) zinc- responsive dermatosis
2) hepatocutaneous syndrome

40
Q

Secondary crust lesion cause (3)

A

1) pyoderma
2) pruritis (excoriation)
3) pemphigus foliaceus

41
Q

Follicular cast (2)

A

1) primary or secondary lesion
2) accumulation of keratin & sebaceous material that adheres to the hair shaft

42
Q

Primary lesion of follicular cast associated with (2)

A

1) primary seborrhea
2) sebaceous adenitis

43
Q

Secondary lesion of follicular cast associated with (3)

A

1) inflammation
2) dermatophytosis
3) demodicosis

44
Q

Comedo (3)

A

1) primary or secondary lesion
2) dilated hair follicles filled with cornified cells. and sebaceous & sweat glands secretions
3) “black heads”

45
Q

Primary lesion associated with comedo (2)

A

1) feline chin acne
2) schnauzer comedo syndrome

46
Q

Secondary lesion associated with comedo (2)

A

1) hyperadrenocorticism
2) demodicosis

47
Q

Colors used to recognized lesion

A

1) erythema
2) petechia/purpura
3) hypopigmentation
4) hyperpigmentation

48
Q

Erythema (3)

A

1) redness of the skin (rash)
2) caused by congestion (vasodilation) of the blood vessels in the dermis
3) blanches on pressure

49
Q

Petechia/Purpura (4)

A

1) dark red to purplish discoloration
2) caused by extravasation of RBC into dermis (hemorrhage)
3) does not blanch on pressure
4) petechia < pupura < ecchymosis

50
Q

Hypopigmentation (2)

A

1) lighter than normal skin color
2) depigmentation= total loss of pigmentation (white)

51
Q

Hyperpigmentation (1)

A

1) darker than normal skin