Skin lesion recognition

Question 1

Primary lesion (3)

Answer 1

1) develops as a direct result of the disease process
2) early lesion
3) has not been altered by trauma or spontaneous regression

Question 2

Papule (4)

Answer 2

1) primary lesion
2) small solid elevation
3) up to 1 cm
4) due to infiltration of inflammatory cells and edema

Question 3

Examples of a papule (2)

Answer 3

1) flea bites
2) superficial bacterial folliculitis

Question 4

Pustule (3)

Answer 4

1) Primary lesion
2) small circumscribed elevation filled with purulent material
3) intraepidermal follicular or non-follicular

Question 5

Examples of a pustule (3)

Answer 5

1) bacterial infection
2) Pemphigus foliaceus
3) follicular pustule: bacterial infection has a pore in the pustule

Question 6

Plaque (3)

Answer 6

1) primary lesion
2) flat-topped elevation
3) formed by coalition of papules

Question 7

Examples of a plaque

Answer 7

1) eosinophilic plaques in cats
2) calcinosis cutis

Question 8

Wheal (hive) (4)

Answer 8

1) primary lesion
2) a sharply circumscribed, raised lesion
3) consist of edema
4) appear & disappear within minutes to hours

Question 9

Examples of hives (3)

Answer 9

1) urticaria
2) insect bites
3) intradermal test

Question 10

Macule (3)

Answer 10

1) Primary lesion
2) flat circumscribed skin discoloration < 1 cm in diameter
3) lacks surface elevation or depression

Question 11

Types of discoloration (3)

Answer 11

1) loss of pigment
2) erythema
3) hyperpigmentation

Question 12

Patch (2)

Answer 12

1) Primary lesion
2) flat circumscribed skin discoloration > 1 cm in diameter

Question 13

Example of a patch (1)

Answer 13

1) canine atopic dermatitis

Question 14

Vesicle (3)

Answer 14

1) primary lesion
2) sharply circumscribed elevated lesion <0.5 cm
3) contains fluid

Question 15

Example of a vesicle (2)

Answer 15

1) viral disease
2) autoimmune disease

Question 16

Bulla (3)

Answer 16

1) primary lesion
2) sharply circumscribed elevated lesion > 0.5 cm
3) contains fluid

Question 17

Example of bulla (1)

Answer 17

1) autoimmune disease

Question 18

Nodule (3)

Answer 18

1) Primary lesion
2) solid circumscribed elevated lesion > 1 cm in diameter
3) usually extends into the dermis

Question 19

Example of a nodule (3)

Answer 19

1) neoplasia
2) deep infection
3) immunemediated

Question 20

Cyst (2)

Answer 20

1) primary lesion
2) a nodule that contains fluid or semisolid material

Question 21

example of a cyst (3)

Answer 21

1) follicular cyst
2) infundibular cyst
3) apocrine cyst

Question 22

How does a secondary l3esion develop? (3)

Answer 22

1) trauma to the skin
2) as a result of infection
3) regression of primary lesion

Question 23

Erosion (4)

Answer 23

1) secondary lesion
2) a partial loss of the epidermis
3) does not penetrate the basement membrane
4) heals without scarring

Question 24

Ulcer (4)

Answer 24

1) secondary lesion
2) a full loss of the epidermis
3) penetrate and extend beyond the basement membrane
4) heals with scarring

Question 25

Excoriation (3)

Answer 25

1) secondary lesion
2) linear erosion induced by scratching or trauma
3) seen in pruritic dermatoses

Question 26

Fissure (2)

Answer 26

1) secondary lesion
2) vertical loss of epidermis 7 dermis which sharply defined walls/crack in skin

Question 27

Scar (3)

Answer 27

1) secondary lesion
2) formation of new connective fibrous tissue (fibrosis)
3) implies prior dermo-epidermal damage

Question 28

Non expanding Epidermal collarette (3)

Answer 28

1) secondary lesion
2) circular ring of scales with erythema
3) “footprint” of a ruptured pustule

Question 29

Expanding Epidermal collarette (4)

Answer 29

1) secondary lesion
2) circular ring of scales with erythema
3) annular to polycyclic with peeling/lifting of the stratum corneum
4) caused by exfoliative toxins produced by staph. pseudintermedius

Question 30

Lichenification (5)

Answer 30

1) secondary lesion
2) marked thichening of all layers of the epidermis
3) resembles tree bark
4) accentuation of skin lines
5) caused by chronic rubbing or scratching

Question 31

Hyperkeratosis (3)

Answer 31

1) Secondary hyperkeratosis
2) increase in the thickness of the stratum corneum
3) chronic low grade trauma/barrier damage

Question 32

Types of skin lesion that can be primary or secondary (6)

Answer 32

1) alopecia
2) scales
3) crusts
4) follicular casts
5) comedones
6) hyper/hypo pigmentation

Question 33

Spontaneous (primary) Alopecia (3)

Answer 33

1) border of lesion usually a sharp margin
2) tip of hair usually not affected
3) easily epilated hair shaft at the borders

Question 34

Self-Induced (secondary) Alopecia (3)

Answer 34

1) border of lesion may have indistinct margin
2) tip of hair at the border usually broken
3) hair shaft not easily epilated

Question 35

Scale (5)

Answer 35

1) primary or secondary lesion
2) accumulation of loose fragment of the stratum corneum
3) “flakes”
4) due to disorder of the maturation of the epidermis and/or glandular secreation

Question 36

Primary scaling lesion (3)

Answer 36

1) primary seborrhea of cocker spaniel
2) ichthyosis
3) sebaceous adenitis

Question 37

Secondary scaling lesion due to (5)

Answer 37

1) xerosis (dry skin)
2) flea allergy dermatitis
3) canine atopic dermatitis
4) pyoderma
5) ectoparasites

Question 38

Crust (3)

Answer 38

1) primary or secondary
2) a collection of cellular debris, dried exudate, inflammatory cells or blood
3) various colors

Question 39

Primary crust lesion cause (2)

Answer 39

1) zinc- responsive dermatosis
2) hepatocutaneous syndrome

Question 40

Secondary crust lesion cause (3)

Answer 40

1) pyoderma
2) pruritis (excoriation)
3) pemphigus foliaceus

Question 41

Follicular cast (2)

Answer 41

1) primary or secondary lesion
2) accumulation of keratin & sebaceous material that adheres to the hair shaft

Question 42

Primary lesion of follicular cast associated with (2)

Answer 42

1) primary seborrhea
2) sebaceous adenitis

Question 43

Secondary lesion of follicular cast associated with (3)

Answer 43

1) inflammation
2) dermatophytosis
3) demodicosis

Question 44

Comedo (3)

Answer 44

1) primary or secondary lesion
2) dilated hair follicles filled with cornified cells. and sebaceous & sweat glands secretions
3) “black heads”

Question 45

Primary lesion associated with comedo (2)

Answer 45

1) feline chin acne
2) schnauzer comedo syndrome

Question 46

Secondary lesion associated with comedo (2)

Answer 46

1) hyperadrenocorticism
2) demodicosis

Question 47

Colors used to recognized lesion

Answer 47

1) erythema
2) petechia/purpura
3) hypopigmentation
4) hyperpigmentation

Question 48

Erythema (3)

Answer 48

1) redness of the skin (rash)
2) caused by congestion (vasodilation) of the blood vessels in the dermis
3) blanches on pressure

Question 49

Petechia/Purpura (4)

Answer 49

1) dark red to purplish discoloration
2) caused by extravasation of RBC into dermis (hemorrhage)
3) does not blanch on pressure
4) petechia < pupura < ecchymosis

Question 50

Hypopigmentation (2)

Answer 50

1) lighter than normal skin color
2) depigmentation= total loss of pigmentation (white)

Question 51

Hyperpigmentation (1)

Answer 51

1) darker than normal skin