Skin lesion recognition Flashcards
Primary lesion (3)
1) develops as a direct result of the disease process
2) early lesion
3) has not been altered by trauma or spontaneous regression
Papule (4)
1) primary lesion
2) small solid elevation
3) up to 1 cm
4) due to infiltration of inflammatory cells and edema
Examples of a papule (2)
1) flea bites
2) superficial bacterial folliculitis
Pustule (3)
1) Primary lesion
2) small circumscribed elevation filled with purulent material
3) intraepidermal follicular or non-follicular
Examples of a pustule (3)
1) bacterial infection
2) Pemphigus foliaceus
3) follicular pustule: bacterial infection has a pore in the pustule
Plaque (3)
1) primary lesion
2) flat-topped elevation
3) formed by coalition of papules
Examples of a plaque
1) eosinophilic plaques in cats
2) calcinosis cutis
Wheal (hive) (4)
1) primary lesion
2) a sharply circumscribed, raised lesion
3) consist of edema
4) appear & disappear within minutes to hours
Examples of hives (3)
1) urticaria
2) insect bites
3) intradermal test
Macule (3)
1) Primary lesion
2) flat circumscribed skin discoloration < 1 cm in diameter
3) lacks surface elevation or depression
Types of discoloration (3)
1) loss of pigment
2) erythema
3) hyperpigmentation
Patch (2)
1) Primary lesion
2) flat circumscribed skin discoloration > 1 cm in diameter
Example of a patch (1)
1) canine atopic dermatitis
Vesicle (3)
1) primary lesion
2) sharply circumscribed elevated lesion <0.5 cm
3) contains fluid
Example of a vesicle (2)
1) viral disease
2) autoimmune disease
Bulla (3)
1) primary lesion
2) sharply circumscribed elevated lesion > 0.5 cm
3) contains fluid
Example of bulla (1)
1) autoimmune disease
Nodule (3)
1) Primary lesion
2) solid circumscribed elevated lesion > 1 cm in diameter
3) usually extends into the dermis
Example of a nodule (3)
1) neoplasia
2) deep infection
3) immunemediated
Cyst (2)
1) primary lesion
2) a nodule that contains fluid or semisolid material
example of a cyst (3)
1) follicular cyst
2) infundibular cyst
3) apocrine cyst
How does a secondary l3esion develop? (3)
1) trauma to the skin
2) as a result of infection
3) regression of primary lesion
Erosion (4)
1) secondary lesion
2) a partial loss of the epidermis
3) does not penetrate the basement membrane
4) heals without scarring
Ulcer (4)
1) secondary lesion
2) a full loss of the epidermis
3) penetrate and extend beyond the basement membrane
4) heals with scarring
Excoriation (3)
1) secondary lesion
2) linear erosion induced by scratching or trauma
3) seen in pruritic dermatoses
Fissure (2)
1) secondary lesion
2) vertical loss of epidermis 7 dermis which sharply defined walls/crack in skin
Scar (3)
1) secondary lesion
2) formation of new connective fibrous tissue (fibrosis)
3) implies prior dermo-epidermal damage
Non expanding Epidermal collarette (3)
1) secondary lesion
2) circular ring of scales with erythema
3) “footprint” of a ruptured pustule
Expanding Epidermal collarette (4)
1) secondary lesion
2) circular ring of scales with erythema
3) annular to polycyclic with peeling/lifting of the stratum corneum
4) caused by exfoliative toxins produced by staph. pseudintermedius
Lichenification (5)
1) secondary lesion
2) marked thichening of all layers of the epidermis
3) resembles tree bark
4) accentuation of skin lines
5) caused by chronic rubbing or scratching
Hyperkeratosis (3)
1) Secondary hyperkeratosis
2) increase in the thickness of the stratum corneum
3) chronic low grade trauma/barrier damage
Types of skin lesion that can be primary or secondary (6)
1) alopecia
2) scales
3) crusts
4) follicular casts
5) comedones
6) hyper/hypo pigmentation
Spontaneous (primary) Alopecia (3)
1) border of lesion usually a sharp margin
2) tip of hair usually not affected
3) easily epilated hair shaft at the borders
Self-Induced (secondary) Alopecia (3)
1) border of lesion may have indistinct margin
2) tip of hair at the border usually broken
3) hair shaft not easily epilated
Scale (5)
1) primary or secondary lesion
2) accumulation of loose fragment of the stratum corneum
3) “flakes”
4) due to disorder of the maturation of the epidermis and/or glandular secreation
Primary scaling lesion (3)
1) primary seborrhea of cocker spaniel
2) ichthyosis
3) sebaceous adenitis
Secondary scaling lesion due to (5)
1) xerosis (dry skin)
2) flea allergy dermatitis
3) canine atopic dermatitis
4) pyoderma
5) ectoparasites
Crust (3)
1) primary or secondary
2) a collection of cellular debris, dried exudate, inflammatory cells or blood
3) various colors
Primary crust lesion cause (2)
1) zinc- responsive dermatosis
2) hepatocutaneous syndrome
Secondary crust lesion cause (3)
1) pyoderma
2) pruritis (excoriation)
3) pemphigus foliaceus
Follicular cast (2)
1) primary or secondary lesion
2) accumulation of keratin & sebaceous material that adheres to the hair shaft
Primary lesion of follicular cast associated with (2)
1) primary seborrhea
2) sebaceous adenitis
Secondary lesion of follicular cast associated with (3)
1) inflammation
2) dermatophytosis
3) demodicosis
Comedo (3)
1) primary or secondary lesion
2) dilated hair follicles filled with cornified cells. and sebaceous & sweat glands secretions
3) “black heads”
Primary lesion associated with comedo (2)
1) feline chin acne
2) schnauzer comedo syndrome
Secondary lesion associated with comedo (2)
1) hyperadrenocorticism
2) demodicosis
Colors used to recognized lesion
1) erythema
2) petechia/purpura
3) hypopigmentation
4) hyperpigmentation
Erythema (3)
1) redness of the skin (rash)
2) caused by congestion (vasodilation) of the blood vessels in the dermis
3) blanches on pressure
Petechia/Purpura (4)
1) dark red to purplish discoloration
2) caused by extravasation of RBC into dermis (hemorrhage)
3) does not blanch on pressure
4) petechia < pupura < ecchymosis
Hypopigmentation (2)
1) lighter than normal skin color
2) depigmentation= total loss of pigmentation (white)
Hyperpigmentation (1)
1) darker than normal skin
