Anterior Uvea 1&2 Flashcards
Uveitis (1)
Inflammation to any aspect of the uveal tract
Anterior uveitis
Iris + ciliary body
Posterior uveitis
choroid
Panuveitis
all three portions
Ocular signs of uveitis (12)
1) blepharospasm
2) episcleral injection
3) ciliary flush
4) corneal edema
5) miosis
6) synechiae
7) aqueous flare
8) hyphema
9) hypopyon
10) keratic precipitates
11) rubiosis iridis
12) hypotony
Episcleral injection
1) congestion of the vessels
2) large in diameter
3) do not branch off in different directions
Ciliary flush
1) 360 degree corneal vascularization
2) red appearance all around the limbus
3) vessels deep to the cornea
4) brush like appearance to vessels
5) sign of intraocular disease
Corneal Edema
1) fluid build up within stromal layer
2) blue appearance to cornea
Miosis
1) pupillary constriction
2) ciliary muscles are cramping
Synechiae
1) adherence of the iris to cornea (anterior) or lens (posterior)
2) posterior is most common in uveitis
3) Iris will not dilate appropriately
Aqueous flare
1) release of protein into the aqueous breakdown of the blood aqueous barrier
2) like headlight on fog
Lipemic aqueous
1) unique manifestation of uveitis
2) lipid in eye
Keratic precipitates (KPs)
1) accumulation of inflammatory cells that adhere to the corneal endothelium (inner layer)
2) common in cats
Hypopyon
1) accumulation of inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber
2) purulent accumulation
Hyphema
1) accumulation of blood in the eye
Rubeosis iridis
1) Red iris
2) vessels of the iris are congested
Hypotony
1) low intraocular pressure
2) prostaglandins working on ciliary processes they will not work as they should and will result in a decrease in aqueous production
Complications of uveitis
1) synechia
2) glaucoma
3) iris bombe
4) cataract
5) lens instability (prostaglandins act on zonules
6) retinal detachment
7) phthisis bulbi
How does uveitis cause glaucoma?
1) obstruction of the angle by inflammatory debris
2) pre-iridal fibrovascular membrane
3) iris bombe + peripheral anterior synechia
Causes of primary uveitis
1) cataract
2) lens rupture
3) corneal ulcer
Causes of uveitis
1) primary ocular disease
2) idiopathic after diagnostics
3) trauma
4) ocular manifestation of systemic disease
Lens induced uveitis
1) phacolytic uveitis
2) phacoclastic uveitis
Phacolytic uveitis
1) soluble lens protein leaks through an intact lens capsule
2) cataract
Phacoclastic uveitis
1) sudden exposure of intact lens proteins
2) leans capsule tear—trauma
Causes of uveitis in dogs
1) infectious
2) lens induced uveitis
3) reflex uveitis (corneal/scleral disease)
4) metabolic (hyperlipidemia)
5) breed specific (pigmentary uveitis)
Causes of uveitis in cats
1) infectous
2) metabolic (systemic hypertenstion)
3) neoplastic (lymphoma)
Causes of uveitis in horses
1) trauma
2) reflex uveitis (stromal abscess)
3) ERU
4) systemic disease
Equine Recurrence Uveitis (ERU)
1) most common cause of blindness and uveitis
2) 3 classification
3) breed predisposition
Classification of ERU (3)
1) classic (active bouts w/ quite period between)
2) insidious (on going low grade)
3) posterior
Uveitis diagnosis
1) history
2) PE
3) Ophthalmic exam
4) minimum data base (CBC, Chem, UA)
5) Initial serology
6) radiographs
7) ocular ultrasound: ONLY if you cannot see past the iris & lens
Treatment goals of uveitis
1) prevent sequalae
2) eliminate intraocular inflammation
3) stabilize and restore blood- aqueous barrier
4) treat underlying cause when possible
