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Dermatology > Skin Infections > Flashcards

Skin Infections Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is furunculosis?

A

Deep infection of the hair follicle

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2
Q

What is a boil?

A

Single hair follicle infected

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3
Q

What is a carbuncle?

A

Multiple hair follicles infection –> a collection of boils

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4
Q

What are the two most common causes of bacterial skin infection?

A 
Staph aureus
Strep pyogenes (group A strep)
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5
Q

What is necrotising fasciitis?

A

Bacterial infection spreading along the fascial planes beneath the skin surface –> massive tissue destruction

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6
Q

What are the type most common types of bacteria causing necrotising fasciitis?

A

Mixed anaerobes/coliforms –> post abdominal surgery

Strep pyogenes

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7
Q

What is the treatment for necrotising fasciitis?

A

Urgent surgical debridement + antibiotics

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8
Q

When is it appropriate to swab a leg ulcer for culture?

A

Only if signs of infection e.g. cellulitis

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9
Q

Which organisms would be worth treating if cultured from a leg ulcer?

A

Strep pyogenes
Staph aureus
Other beta-haemolytic strep
Anaerobes

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10
Q

What is the pathology of staph scalded skin syndrome?

A

Exotoxin produced by staph aureus –> splitting between desmosomes in granular layer

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11
Q

What are the clinical features of staph scalded skin syndrome?

A

Usually in children
Looked like they’ve been scalded
Widespread erythematous peeling of skin

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12
Q

What is bullous impetigo?

A

Localised form of staph scalded skin syndrome

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13
Q

What is the treatment for a local bacterial skin infection?

A

Topical fusidic acid or mupirocin

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14
Q

What does tinea mean?

A

Fungal infection –> ringworm

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15
Q

Where are the following tinea infections?

  • capitis
  • unguium
  • barbae
  • cruris
  • corporis
  • pedis
  • manuum
A 
Scalp
Nail
Beard
Groin
Body
Foot (athletes foot)
Hand
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16
Q

What does ringworm look like?

A

Scaling, erythematous ring

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17
Q

How is a tinea infection diagnosed?

A

Clinical
Woods lamp
Send scrapings/hair/nail clippings to lab in Dermapak for microscopy and culture

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18
Q

What is the treatment for tinea infection?

A

Small area of skin/nail:

  • clotrimazole (canestan) cream or similar
  • amorolfine nail paint

Extensive skin/nail or scalp infection:
- terbinafine or intraconazole orally

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19
Q

What is intertrigo?

A

Candida infection in skin folds (warm and moist)

–> under breasts, groin, abdominal folds, nappy area

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20
Q

How is intertrigo treated?

A

Clotrimazole cream or oral fluconazole

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21
Q

What is chicken pox caused by?

A

Varicella zoster virus

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22
Q

What are the clinical features of chicken pox?

A

Macules –> papules –> vesicles –> scabs

Fever and itch

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23
Q

What are some complications of chicken pox?

A 
Secondary bacterial infection
Pneumonitis
Haemorrhagic rash
Scarring 
Encephalitis
24
Q

How is at risk of chicken pox complications?

A

Immunocompromised

Extremely of age e.g. neonates + elderly

25
Q

What should be done is a pregnant woman gets chicken pox late in pregnancy?

A

Give VZ Ig or aciclovir to mother to prevent neonatal VZV

26
Q

What is shingles?

A

Reactivation of VZV in dermatomal distribution

27
Q

What are the clinical features of shingles?

A

Tingling/pain –> erythema –> vesicles –> crusts

28
Q

What is post herpetic neuralgia and who gets it?

A

Neuralgic pain for > 4 weeks after shingles

More common if elderly or shingles in a trigeminal distribution

29
Q

Which pattern of shingles would you be most worried about?

A

Ophthalamic zoster –> V1 distribution

–> urgent ophthalmologist review

30
Q

Who gets the shingles vaccine in the UK?

A

70 year olds

31
Q

What is otic (ear) herpes zoster also known as?

A

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

32
Q

What are the clinical features of Ramsay Hunt syndrome?

A

Vesicles and pain in auditory canal and throat
Facial palsy
8th nerve irritation –> deafness, vertigo, tinnitus

33
Q

Which virus + typecauses cold sores/primary gingivostomatitis?

A

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1

34
Q

What is it called when HSV spreads to a finger?

A

Herpetic whitlow

35
Q

How are VZV and HSV diagnosed?

A

Clinically

Viral swab +/- antibody test can be done

36
Q

What are HSV and VZV treated with?

A

Aciclovir

37
Q

What are the clinical features of molluscum contagiosum?

A

Fleshy, firm, umbilicated, pearlescent nodules, 1-2mm

Self limiting but can last months

38
Q

Which virus + subtypes cause warts?

A

HPV 1-4

39
Q

How can warts be treated?

A

Topical salicylic acid

Cryotherapy

40
Q

What is herpangina and what is it caused by?

A

Blistering rash at back of mouth

–> enteroviruses e.g. coxsackie or echovirus

41
Q

What causes hand foot and mouth disease?

A

Enteroviruses especially coxsackie

42
Q

What are some rare complications of hand foot and mouth disease?

A

Encephalitis and pulmonary oedema

43
Q

What is erythema infectiosum and what is it caused by?

A

Slapped cheek –> parvovirus B19

44
Q

What are the clinical features of slapped cheek/erythema infectiosum?

A

Rash of face first, then fades –>

lacy macular rash on body + acute arthritis e.g. wrists

45
Q

How is slapped cheek diagnosed?

A

Parovirus B19 IgM test

46
Q

What is rubella also known as, and what are the clinical features?

A

German measles
Spotty rash, starts behind ears, spreads to head, neck and body
Lymphadenopathy, aching joints and fever

47
Q

What is the management of rubella and when can it be dangerous?

A

Usually resolves without treatment

Dangerous if pregnant

48
Q

What are the features of measles?

A

Red blotchy rash

Fever, cough, runny nose, inflamed eyes

49
Q

What is Orf and what are the clinical features?

A

Virus from sheep –> ‘scabby mouth’
Firm fleshy nodule on the hands of farmers
Self limiting

50
Q

What is syphilis caused by?

A

Treponema pallidum –> STI

51
Q

What are the features of primary syphilis infection?

A

Chancre –> painful ulcer at site of entry

52
Q

What are the features of secondary syphilis?

A

Red rash all over body –> prominent on soles and palms

Mucous membrane ‘snail track’ ulcers

53
Q

How is syphilis diagnosed?

A

Blood test or swab of ulcer for PCR

54
Q

What is the treatment for syphilis?

A

IM penicillin

55
Q

What are the features of tertiary syphilis?

A

Can affect any system e.g. CNS, cardiovascular, gummatous

Dermatology (18 decks)

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