Paediatric Dermatology Flashcards
What is a salmon patch?
Central macular erythematous patch
Facial (forehead, eyelids, nose) –> Angel’s kisses
Nuchal (scalp/back of neck) –> Stork mark
What is a port wine stain?
Unilateral, macular patch, usually on face
Persist lifelong
Which nerve pattern to port wine stains follow?
Trigeminal –> V1, V2 or V3
Which pattern of port wine stain should raise concerns and why?
V1 –> Sturge-Weber syndrome
What is Sturge-Weber syndrome?
V1 port wine stain + ipsilateral vascular malformation in brain (meninges and cortex)
What might be seen on an X-ray of the brain in Sturge-Weber syndrome?
Tramline effect
What are the clinical features of Sturge-Weber?
SEIZURES
Intellectual impairment
Hemiparesis
GLAUCOMA (up to 40% –> may lead to blindness)
What is an infantile haemangioma also known as?
Strawberry naevi
What are the features of strawberry naevi?
Pink/purple benign lesion
Appear within first month of line
Most undergo partial/total resolution
Which types of strawberry naevi would you worry about and how would it be managed?
Periocular –> may grown rapidly and obstruct vision
Over spinal cord –> may indicate spina bifida or cord tethering
–> Propranolol +/- steroids
What is a mongolian blue spot?
Blueish/grey pattern over lower back/buttocks
Can be mistaken for NAI
What are cafe au lait macules?
Macular, well-defined, pale brown, present at birth
When should you be concerns about cafe au lait macules and why?
Development of 2 patches under the age of 2
–> suggests neuroectodermal disease
What are the two most common neuroectodermal conditions?
Neurofibromatosis type 1
Tuberous sclerosis
What is the pattern of inheritance and chromosome implicated in NF1?
Autosomal dominant
Chromosome 17
What other features are associated with NF1?
Neurofibromas
Axillary or inguinal freckling (Crowe’s sign)
Optic glioma
Lisch nodules (haemartomas in iris)
Distinctive body lesions e.g. sphenoid dysplasia
What is an ash leaf macule and what can be used to help visualise them?
Oval area of hypopigmentation
Wood’s lamp (UV light) helps see them, especially in Caucasian skin
Which condition are ash leaf macules synonymous with?
Tuberous sclerosis
What are usually the two earliest signs in tuberous sclerosis?
Ash leaf macule
Infantile seizures
