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Y2 Dermatology > Skin infections > Flashcards

Skin infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is cellulitis?

A

Bacterial infection of the skin

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2
Q

What is the most common causative organism of cellulitis?

A

Strep. pyogenes

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3
Q

What can predispose people to cellulitis?

A

Oedema/poor circulation in the legs

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4
Q

How does cellulitis typically present?

A
  • infected area is red, hot & swollen
  • pyrexia
  • general malaise
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5
Q

Investigations for cellulitis?

A

Bacterial swab

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6
Q

Management of cellulitis?

A

Flucloxacillin 1st line
Doxycycline if pen allergic
Vancomycin if MRSA

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7
Q

What is necrotising faciitis?

A

Life threatening soft tissue infection, basically a deeper and more serious cellulitis

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8
Q

Explain the pathophysiology of necrotising faciitis?

A

extensive tissue necrosis and toxaemia

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9
Q

What is the most common causative organism of necrotising faciitis?

A

Strep. pyogenes - around wounds/post-surgery

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10
Q

How does necrotising faciitis typically present?

A
  • out of proportion pain (excruciating pain under a wound that doesn’t look that impressive)
  • crepitations when skin is felt (air in skin)
  • signs of infection: fever, tachycardia, hypotension
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11
Q

How is necrotising faciitis treated?

A

Immediate surgical debridement and antibiotics

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12
Q

What is impetigo?

A

V contagious superficial bacterial infection that usually affects the face in children

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13
Q

What is the most common cause of impetigo?

A

Staph aureus

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14
Q

How does impetigo typically present?

A

Red lesions with a yellow/gold crust, usually on the face

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15
Q

Management of impetigo?

A

1st line = topical fusidic acid 7 days

extensive/severe = oral flucloxacillin

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16
Q

What is staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome?

A

Blistering condition due to toxins released by certain strains of staph aureus, usually in children under 5

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17
Q

Explain the pathophysiology of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome?

A
  • Toxins from certain strains of staph aureus bind to desmosomes in the skin and break them up so that keratinocytes become unstuck
  • This splits the epidermis at the granular layer and creates blisters
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18
Q

How does staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome typically present?

A
  • red, blistering skin (looks like burns)
  • tender & painful
  • superficial epidermis peels off in sheets
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19
Q

Management of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome?

A

IV flucloxacillin

Supportive treatment - fluid & electrolyte balance & pain relief

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20
Q

What is ringworm?

A

A fungal (dermatophyte) infection of the skin

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21
Q

What is the most common causative organism for ringworm and what type of transmission is it passed on by?

A

Trichophyton rubrum

Human-human transmission

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22
Q

What are the 2nd and 3rd most common causative organisms for ringworm and what type of transmission are they passed on by?

A 
2nd = trichophyton mentagraphytes (human-human)
3rd = microsporum canis (cats/dogs-human)
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23
Q

What is tinea capitis?

A

Ringworm in the scalp

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24
Q

What is tinea barbae?

A

Ringworm in the beard

25
What is tinea corporis?
Ringworm on the body
26
What is tinea unguium?
Ringworm around the nails
27
What is tinea cruris?
Ringworm in the groin
28
What is tinea pedis?
Ringworm in the foot - also known as athletes foot
29
How does ringworm typically present?
itchy red skin | lesions have a ring appearance - grows outwards and has a healed centre
30
Management of ringworm?
Clotrimazole (canesten cream topically)
31
What is scabies?
intensely itchy rash which is spread by close contact
32
What causes scabies?
Sarcoptes scabiei
33
What is the incubation period for scabies?
6 weeks
34
How does scabies typically present?
Intensely itchy rash in finger webs, wrists and genital areas Can see where the mites have burrowed in the skin
35
Management for scabies?
Malathion lotion
36
What is chickenpox?
Infection from the Varicella Zoster Virus (chickenpox is caused by the varicella part, shingles is caused by the zoster part)
37
Explain how zoster virus latency can lead to shingles in old age in someone who has had chickenpox?
The virus establishes latency in nerve roots and can be reactivated in old age which causes shingles in that dermatome
38
At what point is chickenpox no longer infectious?
when the vesicles become scabs
39
What is shingles?
Reactivation of varicella zoster virus
40
Explain the pathophysiology behind shingles?
Virus is dormant in dorsal root ganglion of a nerve once chickenpox is gone When reactivated the infected nerve and surrounding tissues become inflamed Dermatomal distribution
41
How does singles typically present?
single dermatome affected neuralgic pain (feels like ants crawling under the skin) erythema & blisters - then crusts over
42
Management of singles?
aciclovir
43
What is Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome?
Herpes Zoster virus infection of the facial nerve (CN VII) and irritation of vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
44
What is the difference between Bells Palsy and Ramsay hunt syndrome?
bells palsy = facial palsy with no rash | Ramsay hunt = more severe palsy with rash
45
How does Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome typically present?
- Painful vesicles in ear canal, throat and tongue - Facial palsy - If CN VIII is affected: deafness, tinnitus & vertigo
46
Management of Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome?
Aciclovir
47
What infections does Type 1 HSV (herpes simplex virus) cause?
Oral and genital
48
What infections does Type 2 HSV (herpes simplex virus) cause?
Genital
49
What is primary gingivostomatitis?
Self limiting painful ulceration around the mouth in pre-school children, caused by HSV type 1
50
What is molluscum congagiosum?
fleshy, pale nodules in children that are caused by skin to skin contact
51
What is the causative organism for molluscum contagiosum?
Molluscum contagiosum virus
52
What are warts caused by?
Human Papilloma Virus types 1-4
53
What is the treatment for warts?
topical salicylic acid
54
What is hand, foot and mouth disease?
painful vesicles on palms, soles and mouth due to coxsackie virus. Self limiting
55
What is syphilis?
STI that can affect the skin - can be primary and secondayr
56
What is the difference between primary and secondary syphilis affecting the skin?
``` Primary = chancre - painless ulcer at point of entry Secondary = red rash all over body with snail track ulcers on mucous membranes ```
57
Investigations for syphilis?
PCR swab of ulcers
58
Which type of ulcers are more likely to form on the foot/mid shin?
Arterial ulcers
59
Which type of ulcers are more likely to form on the medial/lateral malleolus?
Venous ulcers

Y2 Dermatology (11 decks)

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