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Y2 Dermatology > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are Blaschko’s lines?

A

Developmental growth lines that follow the way that skin is drawn out

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2
Q

Which embryological layers do the epidermis and dermis originate from?

A

Dermis = mesoderm Epidermis = ectoderm

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3
Q

What are the 2 main layers of skin?

A

Epidermis Dermis

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4
Q

How many layers does the epidermis have and what are they from deep to superficial?

A

4 layers: Basal layer Prickle cell layer Granular layer Keratin layer

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5
Q

Describe the keratin layer of the epidermis?

A

layers of corneocytes and cornified envelope, the waterproof barrier for the skin

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6
Q

Describe the granular layer of the epidermis?

A

contains cells that burst and produce fillagrin (protein that binds to water so keeps water in skin and sticks everything together, people with eczema have less of this )

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7
Q

Describe the prickle cell layer of the epidermis?

A

daughter cells of basal cell layer contains desmosomes which makes it look prickley

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8
Q

Describe the basal cell layer of the epidermis?

A

Basal cell layer

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9
Q

Give the 4 types of cells found in the epidermis and what do they do/where are they found?

A

Keratinocytes - produce keratin, throughout epidermis Melanocytes - pigment producing dendritic cells, found in basal layer Merkel cells - mechanoreceptors (detect if something crawls over you), found in basal layer Langerhans cells - antigen presenting cells, found in prickle cell layer

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10
Q

Which type of cells contain Birbeck granules (look like tennis rackets)?

A

Langerhans cells

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11
Q

What are skin appendages?

A

anything that is on the skin e.g. hair, nails, sweat glands etc

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12
Q

What is the pilosebaceous unit?

A

hair follicle + sebaceous gland

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13
Q

What do sebaceous glands secrete?

A

Seramite

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14
Q

What are the 3 different stages of hair growth?

A

Anagen = growing phase Catagen = resting phase Telogen = falling out phase

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15
Q

What are the different parts of a hair follicle and draw it out?

A

Internal root sheath

Cortex

Medulla

Matrix

Papilla

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16
Q

What are the different parts of a nail and the nail bed? Draw it out

A

Nail matrix

Nail bed

Hyponchium

Lunula

Nail plate

17
Q

What is onchylosis?

A

raising of the nail from the nailbed (usually do to psoriasis)

18
Q

What is the function of the dermoepidermal junction?

A

Junction between the dermis and epidermis that sticks the two layers together and is semipermeable to allow things to pass between them

19
Q

What happens if the dermoepidermal junction doesnt work properly?

A

Epidermis and dermis don’t stick together properly and get blistering disorders

20
Q

What does the dermis contain?

A

Collagen and elastin

Muscles

Blood vessels (supplies the epidermis)

Lymphatics

Macrophages

21
Q

What is angioma?

A

Overgrowth of blood vessels in the dermis that push through into the epidermis (there arent vessels in the epidermis)

22
Q

Which nerve supply to the skin is responsible for touch?

A

Somatic sensory nerves - free nerve endings and special receptors (corpuscles)

23
Q

Which special somatic sensory receptors detect vibration and pressure?

A

Pacinian corpuscles = pressure

Meissners corpuscles = vibration

24
Q

Which nerve supply innervates blood vessels, glands and muscles in the dermis?

A

Autonomic

25
Q

Explain the difference between sebaceous, appocrine and eccrine glands?

A

sebaceous: attached to hair follciles and secrete seramite to lubricate skin
appocrine: found under arms and genital areas, produce odour
eccrine: sweat glands that are mainly found on palms and soles, keeps body cool

26
Q

Which vitamins are fat soluble?

A

Vitamin A and Vitamin K

27
Q

Which vitamins are water soluble?

A

Vitamin B3 and Vitamin C

28
Q

Follicular papules on arms and thighs are a sign of deficiency of which vitamin?

A

Vitamin A

29
Q

Purpura and easy bruising is a sign of deficiency of which vitamin?

A

Vitamin K

30
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of Pellagra and which vitamin deficiency causes it?

A

4 Ds: dermatitis, delerium, diarrhoea & death

due to vitamin B3 deficiency

31
Q

Hyperkeratosis around hair follicles and poor wound healing are signs of deficiency of which vitamin?

A

Vitamin C

32
Q

Topic steroids are lipophilic. True or false?

A

True

33
Q

Where are langerhans cells formed?

A

Bone marrow

Y2 Dermatology (11 decks)

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