Skin infection Antibacterial therapy Flashcards
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Impetigo Flashcards:
What is impetigo?
Impetigo is a contagious, superficial bacterial infection of the skin.
Who is most commonly affected by impetigo?
Impetigo can affect all age groups but is more common in young children.
How is impetigo transmitted?
Impetigo is transmitted through direct contact with an infected individual or indirectly via contaminated objects.
What are the two main clinical forms of impetigo?
The two main clinical forms of impetigo are non-bullous impetigo and bullous impetigo.
Describe non-bullous impetigo.
Non-bullous impetigo is characterized by thin-walled vesicles or pustules that rupture quickly, forming a golden-brown crust.
Describe bullous impetigo.
Bullous impetigo is characterized by fluid-filled vesicles and blisters that rupture, leaving a thin, flat, yellow-brown crust.
What is the initial treatment for localized non-bullous impetigo?
Initial treatment for localized non-bullous impetigo may involve hydrogen peroxide 1% cream or a topical antibacterial.
What is the initial treatment for widespread non-bullous impetigo that is not systemically unwell?
Initial treatment for widespread non-bullous impetigo that is not systemically unwell may involve a topical or oral antibacterial.
What is the recommended treatment for bullous impetigo?
Bullous impetigo is typically treated with an oral antibacterial.
When should patients with impetigo be referred to the hospital?
Patients with signs of a more serious condition, widespread impetigo in immunocompromised individuals, or difficult-to-treat cases should be referred to the hospital.
Cellulitis and Erysipelas Flashcards:
What are cellulitis and erysipelas?
Cellulitis and erysipelas are infections of the subcutaneous tissues resulting from skin breaks.
How should the extent of the infection be monitored in cellulitis or erysipelas?
Drawing around the extent of the infection is a method to monitor its progress before initiating antibacterial treatment.
What are the recommended antibacterial treatments for cellulitis and erysipelas?
Antibacterial treatment choices depend on the severity and site of the infection, and may include oral or intravenous options.
When should patients with cellulitis or erysipelas be referred to the hospital?
Referral to the hospital is necessary when there are signs of a more serious illness or condition, such as septic arthritis or necrotizing fasciitis.
Leg Ulcer Flashcards:
Where do leg ulcers usually develop, and how long do they take to heal?
Leg ulcers usually develop on the lower leg and can take more than 4-6 weeks to heal.
When should patients with leg ulcers be referred to the hospital?
Patients with signs or symptoms suggesting a more serious condition, such as sepsis or necrotizing fasciitis, should be referred to the hospital.
What are the first-line treatment choices for leg ulcers?
The first-line treatment choices include oral antibacterials for non-severely unwell patients and intravenous options for severely unwell patients.
Insect Bites and Stings Flashcards:
What is often the cause of redness, itchiness, or pain and swelling after an insect sting or bite?
These symptoms are often caused by a local inflammatory or allergic reaction rather than an infection.
When is the use of antibacterials recommended for insect bites or stings?
Antibacterials are recommended only when the patient has signs or symptoms of an infection.
Human and Animal Bites Flashcards:
Why are human and animal bites that break the skin an infection risk?
Bites that break the skin can introduce bacteria, and the risk depends on factors like the species causing the bite and wound type.
What should be assessed in patients with human or animal bites, and why?
Patients with human or animal bites should be assessed for the risk of tetanus, rabies, or blood-borne viral infections.
When is prophylactic antibacterial treatment offered for bites, and what factors influence this decision?
Prophylactic antibacterial treatment is considered based on factors like the type of bite, risk of complications, and location of the bite.
Secondary Bacterial Skin Infections of Eczema Flashcards:
What are signs and symptoms of secondary bacterial infection of eczema?
Signs and symptoms may include weeping, pustules, crusts, worsening eczema, fever, and malaise.
When is antibacterial treatment recommended for secondary bacterial infection of eczema?
Antibacterial treatment may be considered if the patient is systemically unwell, has severe infection, or if the eczema does not respond to standard treatments.
I hope these flashcards help you remember the key information about these skin conditions and their treatment.
Impetigo Flashcards:
What is impetigo?
Impetigo is a contagious, superficial bacterial infection of the skin.
Who is most commonly affected by impetigo?
Impetigo can affect all age groups but is more common in young children.
How is impetigo transmitted?
Impetigo is transmitted through direct contact with an infected individual or indirectly via contaminated objects.
What are the two main clinical forms of impetigo?
The two main clinical forms of impetigo are non-bullous impetigo and bullous impetigo.
Describe non-bullous impetigo.
Non-bullous impetigo is characterized by thin-walled vesicles or pustules that rupture quickly, forming a golden-brown crust.
Describe bullous impetigo.
Bullous impetigo is characterized by fluid-filled vesicles and blisters that rupture, leaving a thin, flat, yellow-brown crust.
What is the initial treatment for localized non-bullous impetigo?
Initial treatment for localized non-bullous impetigo may involve hydrogen peroxide 1% cream or a topical antibacterial.
What is the initial treatment for widespread non-bullous impetigo that is not systemically unwell?
Initial treatment for widespread non-bullous impetigo that is not systemically unwell may involve a topical or oral antibacterial.
What is the recommended treatment for bullous impetigo?
Bullous impetigo is typically treated with an oral antibacterial.
When should patients with impetigo be referred to the hospital?
Patients with signs of a more serious condition, widespread impetigo in immunocompromised individuals, or difficult-to-treat cases should be referred to the hospital.
Cellulitis and Erysipelas Flashcards:
What are cellulitis and erysipelas?
Cellulitis and erysipelas are infections of the subcutaneous tissues resulting from skin breaks.
How should the extent of the infection be monitored in cellulitis or erysipelas?
Drawing around the extent of the infection is a method to monitor its progress before initiating antibacterial treatment.
What are the recommended antibacterial treatments for cellulitis and erysipelas?
Antibacterial treatment choices depend on the severity and site of the infection, and may include oral or intravenous options.
When should patients with cellulitis or erysipelas be referred to the hospital?
Referral to the hospital is necessary when there are signs of a more serious illness or condition, such as septic arthritis or necrotizing fasciitis.
Leg Ulcer Flashcards:
Where do leg ulcers usually develop, and how long do they take to heal?
Leg ulcers usually develop on the lower leg and can take more than 4-6 weeks to heal.
When should patients with leg ulcers be referred to the hospital?
Patients with signs or symptoms suggesting a more serious condition, such as sepsis or necrotizing fasciitis, should be referred to the hospital.
What are the first-line treatment choices for leg ulcers?
The first-line treatment choices include oral antibacterials for non-severely unwell patients and intravenous options for severely unwell patients.
Insect Bites and Stings Flashcards:
What is often the cause of redness, itchiness, or pain and swelling after an insect sting or bite?
These symptoms are often caused by a local inflammatory or allergic reaction rather than an infection.
When is the use of antibacterials recommended for insect bites or stings?
Antibacterials are recommended only when the patient has signs or symptoms of an infection.
Human and Animal Bites Flashcards:
Why are human and animal bites that break the skin an infection risk?
Bites that break the skin can introduce bacteria, and the risk depends on factors like the species causing the bite and wound type.
What should be assessed in patients with human or animal bites, and why?
Patients with human or animal bites should be assessed for the risk of tetanus, rabies, or blood-borne viral infections.
When is prophylactic antibacterial treatment offered for bites, and what factors influence this decision?
Prophylactic antibacterial treatment is considered based on factors like the type of bite, risk of complications, and location of the bite.
Secondary Bacterial Skin Infections of Eczema Flashcards:
What are signs and symptoms of secondary bacterial infection of eczema?
Signs and symptoms may include weeping, pustules, crusts, worsening eczema, fever, and malaise.
When is antibacterial treatment recommended for secondary bacterial infection of eczema?
Antibacterial treatment may be considered if the patient is systemically unwell, has severe infection, or if the eczema does not respond to standard treatments.
I hope these flashcards help you remember the key information about these skin conditions and their treatment.
What factors should treatment for Impetigo be based on?
What is the topical first-line antibacterial for Impetigo when hydrogen peroxide is unsuitable or ineffective?
What is the alternative to fusidic acid if resistance is suspected or confirmed?
What is the oral first-line antibacterial for Impetigo?
What is the alternative to flucloxacillin if the patient has a penicillin allergy or if flucloxacillin is unsuitable?
What should be done if there is suspicion or confirmation of a meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in Impetigo?
In cases of MRSA infection, what is the recommended action regarding consultation?
Treatment for Impetigo should be based on infection severity, number of lesions, suspected microorganism, local antibacterial resistance data, and guided by microbiological results if available.
Fusidic acid is the topical first-line antibacterial for Impetigo when hydrogen peroxide is unsuitable or ineffective.
The alternative to fusidic acid if resistance is suspected or confirmed is mupirocin.
Flucloxacillin is the oral first-line antibacterial for Impetigo.
The alternative to flucloxacillin for Impetigo is clarithromycin or erythromycin (in pregnancy) if the patient has a penicillin allergy or if flucloxacillin is unsuitable.
If there is suspicion or confirmation of a meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in Impetigo, it is recommended to consult with a local microbiologist.
In cases of MRSA infection in Impetigo, consultation with a local microbiologist is advised.
Q: What is the first-line oral or intravenous antibacterial for Cellulitis?
A: Flucloxacillin.
Q: What is the alternative choice for Cellulitis treatment if a patient has a penicillin allergy or if flucloxacillin is unsuitable?
A: Clarithromycin, oral erythromycin (in pregnancy), or oral doxycycline.
Q: What is the recommended first-line oral or intravenous antibacterial for Cellulitis when the infection is near the eyes or nose?
A: Co-amoxiclav.
Q: What is the alternative to co-amoxiclav for Cellulitis treatment if a patient has a penicillin allergy or if co-amoxiclav is unsuitable?
A: Clarithromycin with metronidazole.
Q: What are the alternative choice antibacterials for severe Cellulitis infection, both oral and intravenous options?
A: Co-amoxiclav, clindamycin, intravenous cefuroxime, or intravenous ceftriaxone (ambulatory care only).
Q: When is it advisable to add intravenous vancomycin, intravenous teicoplanin, or linezolid in the treatment of Cellulitis?
A: In cases of confirmed or suspected meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, particularly if vancomycin or teicoplanin cannot be used.
Q: In Cellulitis cases with suspected or confirmed MRSA infection, what specialist actions should be considered, particularly if vancomycin or teicoplanin cannot be used?
A: Seek other antibacterials based on microbiological results and specialist advice for ambulatory care.
These flashcards provide questions and answers to help you memorize important information about the choice of antibacterial therapy for Cellulitis.
Q: What is the first-line oral or intravenous antibacterial for Cellulitis?
A: Flucloxacillin.
Q: What is the alternative choice for Cellulitis treatment if a patient has a penicillin allergy or if flucloxacillin is unsuitable?
A: Clarithromycin, oral erythromycin (in pregnancy), or oral doxycycline.
Q: What is the recommended first-line oral or intravenous antibacterial for Cellulitis when the infection is near the eyes or nose?
A: Co-amoxiclav.
Q: What is the alternative to co-amoxiclav for Cellulitis treatment if a patient has a penicillin allergy or if co-amoxiclav is unsuitable?
A: Clarithromycin with metronidazole.
Q: What are the alternative choice antibacterials for severe Cellulitis infection, both oral and intravenous options?
A: Co-amoxiclav, clindamycin, intravenous cefuroxime, or intravenous ceftriaxone (ambulatory care only).
Q: When is it advisable to add intravenous vancomycin, intravenous teicoplanin, or linezolid in the treatment of Cellulitis?
A: In cases of confirmed or suspected meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, particularly if vancomycin or teicoplanin cannot be used.
Q: In Cellulitis cases with suspected or confirmed MRSA infection, what specialist actions should be considered, particularly if vancomycin or teicoplanin cannot be used?
A: Seek other antibacterials based on microbiological results and specialist advice for ambulatory care.
These flashcards provide questions and answers to help you memorize important information about the choice of antibacterial therapy for Cellulitis.
Q: What are the signs and symptoms of an infected leg ulcer?
A: Redness (which may be less visible on darker skin tones), swelling spreading beyond the ulcer, localised warmth, increased pain, or fever.
Q: Should a sample be taken for microbiological testing at initial presentation with a leg ulcer?
A: No, it is not recommended, even if the ulcer may be infected.
Q: What should be offered to patients with leg ulcers who exhibit signs or symptoms of infection, considering the severity of the signs and symptoms, risk of complications, and previous antibacterial use?
A: Antibacterial treatment.
Q: When should patients with leg ulcers be referred to the hospital?
A: If they have signs or symptoms suggestive of a more serious condition or illness, such as sepsis, necrotising fasciitis, or osteomyelitis.
Q: What should be considered for patients with an infected leg ulcer who are unable to take oral treatment, have lymphangitis, or are at a higher risk of complications due to comorbidities?
A: Referral to the hospital or seeking specialist advice.
Q: When should reassessment be conducted for leg ulcers, and what factors should be considered during reassessment?
A: Reassessment should be done if signs or symptoms worsen rapidly or significantly, do not improve within 2–3 days, or the patient becomes systemically unwell or has severe pain. Consider previous antibacterial use and recognize that full resolution is not expected until after the antibacterial course is completed.
Q: What is the basis for choosing antibacterial therapy for leg ulcers?
A: Clinical assessment, infection severity, suspected micro-organism, and microbiological results if available.
Q: What is the first-line oral antibacterial for non-severely unwell patients with leg ulcers?
A: Flucloxacillin.
Q: What are the alternative choices for oral antibacterial treatment in non-severely unwell patients with leg ulcers who have a penicillin allergy or when flucloxacillin is unsuitable?
A: Doxycycline, clarithromycin, or erythromycin (in pregnancy).
Q: What is the recommended first-line intravenous antibacterial therapy for severely unwell patients with leg ulcers, guided by microbiological results if available?
A: Intravenous flucloxacillin with or without intravenous gentamicin and/or metronidazole, or intravenous co-amoxiclav with or without intravenous gentamicin.
These flashcards will help you remember important information about the treatment and management of leg ulcers.
Q: What is the oral second-line option for patients with certain conditions, guided by microbiological results when available?
A: Co-amoxiclav.
Q: What is the alternative for patients with a penicillin allergy when considering oral second-line therapy?
A: Co-trimoxazole [unlicensed].
Q: In severely unwell patients, what is the recommended first-line treatment option, guided by microbiological results if available?
A: Intravenous flucloxacillin with or without intravenous gentamicin and/or metronidazole, or intravenous co-amoxiclav with or without intravenous gentamicin.
Q: What is the alternative for severely unwell patients with a penicillin allergy, considering the choice of oral or intravenous first-line therapy?
A: Intravenous co-trimoxazole [unlicensed] with or without intravenous gentamicin and/or metronidazole.
Q: What are the recommended options for oral or intravenous second-line therapy, guided by microbiological results when available or following specialist advice?
A: Intravenous piperacillin with tazobactam, or intravenous ceftriaxone with or without metronidazole.
Q: When should additional antibacterials be considered if a Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is suspected or confirmed?
A: In oral or intravenous therapy, in addition to the antibacterials listed above.
Q: What are the options for additional antibacterials in case of MRSA infection, alongside the previously mentioned treatments?
A: Intravenous vancomycin, intravenous teicoplanin, or linezolid (specialist use only if vancomycin or teicoplanin cannot be used).
These flashcards provide information about the choice of antibacterial therapy for specific patient groups and conditions, which can be crucial for clinical decision-making.
Q: What are the signs and symptoms of an infected leg ulcer?
A: Redness (which may be less visible on darker skin tones), swelling spreading beyond the ulcer, localised warmth, increased pain, or fever.
Q: Should a sample be taken for microbiological testing at initial presentation with a leg ulcer?
A: No, it is not recommended, even if the ulcer may be infected.
Q: What should be offered to patients with leg ulcers who exhibit signs or symptoms of infection, considering the severity of the signs and symptoms, risk of complications, and previous antibacterial use?
A: Antibacterial treatment.
Q: When should patients with leg ulcers be referred to the hospital?
A: If they have signs or symptoms suggestive of a more serious condition or illness, such as sepsis, necrotising fasciitis, or osteomyelitis.
Q: What should be considered for patients with an infected leg ulcer who are unable to take oral treatment, have lymphangitis, or are at a higher risk of complications due to comorbidities?
A: Referral to the hospital or seeking specialist advice.
Q: When should reassessment be conducted for leg ulcers, and what factors should be considered during reassessment?
A: Reassessment should be done if signs or symptoms worsen rapidly or significantly, do not improve within 2–3 days, or the patient becomes systemically unwell or has severe pain. Consider previous antibacterial use and recognize that full resolution is not expected until after the antibacterial course is completed.
Q: What is the basis for choosing antibacterial therapy for leg ulcers?
A: Clinical assessment, infection severity, suspected micro-organism, and microbiological results if available.
Q: What is the first-line oral antibacterial for non-severely unwell patients with leg ulcers?
A: Flucloxacillin.
Q: What are the alternative choices for oral antibacterial treatment in non-severely unwell patients with leg ulcers who have a penicillin allergy or when flucloxacillin is unsuitable?
A: Doxycycline, clarithromycin, or erythromycin (in pregnancy).
Q: What is the recommended first-line intravenous antibacterial therapy for severely unwell patients with leg ulcers, guided by microbiological results if available?
A: Intravenous flucloxacillin with or without intravenous gentamicin and/or metronidazole, or intravenous co-amoxiclav with or without intravenous gentamicin.
These flashcards will help you remember important information about the treatment and management of leg ulcers.
Q: What is the oral second-line option for patients with certain conditions, guided by microbiological results when available?
A: Co-amoxiclav.
Q: What is the alternative for patients with a penicillin allergy when considering oral second-line therapy?
A: Co-trimoxazole [unlicensed].
Q: In severely unwell patients, what is the recommended first-line treatment option, guided by microbiological results if available?
A: Intravenous flucloxacillin with or without intravenous gentamicin and/or metronidazole, or intravenous co-amoxiclav with or without intravenous gentamicin.
Q: What is the alternative for severely unwell patients with a penicillin allergy, considering the choice of oral or intravenous first-line therapy?
A: Intravenous co-trimoxazole [unlicensed] with or without intravenous gentamicin and/or metronidazole.
Q: What are the recommended options for oral or intravenous second-line therapy, guided by microbiological results when available or following specialist advice?
A: Intravenous piperacillin with tazobactam, or intravenous ceftriaxone with or without metronidazole.
Q: When should additional antibacterials be considered if a Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is suspected or confirmed?
A: In oral or intravenous therapy, in addition to the antibacterials listed above.
Q: What are the options for additional antibacterials in case of MRSA infection, alongside the previously mentioned treatments?
A: Intravenous vancomycin, intravenous teicoplanin, or linezolid (specialist use only if vancomycin or teicoplanin cannot be used).
These flashcards provide information about the choice of antibacterial therapy for specific patient groups and conditions, which can be crucial for clinical decision-making.
Q: What are the risks that patients with human or animal bites should be assessed for?
A: Patients with human or animal bites should be assessed for their risk of tetanus, rabies, or blood-borne viral infections (such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C).
Q: How should a patient’s wound from a bite be initially managed?
A: The patient’s wound should be cleaned by irrigation and debrided as necessary.
Q: When should advice be sought from a microbiologist regarding bites?
A: Advice should be sought from a microbiologist for bites from wild or exotic animals (including birds and non-traditional pets) due to the potential risk of different bacteria and non-bacterial infections. Consider seeking advice for bites from unfamiliar domestic animals as well.
Q: When should patients with human or animal bites be referred to the hospital?
A: Patients should be referred to the hospital if they have signs or symptoms suggesting a more serious illness or condition (e.g., severe cellulitis, abscess, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, necrotising fasciitis, or sepsis) or a penetrating wound involving critical structures.
Q: When should referral to the hospital or specialist advice be considered for patients with bites?
A: Consider referral to the hospital or seeking specialist advice for patients who have lymphangitis, are systemically unwell, have a bite in an area of poor circulation, are at risk of a serious wound infection due to comorbidities, or are unable to take oral antibacterials.
Q: What resources can be consulted for guidance on managing tetanus- and rabies-prone wounds from bites?
A: For guidance on the management of tetanus- and rabies-prone wounds, refer to Tetanus vaccine or Rabies vaccine.
Q: What considerations and advice might be needed regarding the use of antibacterials in bite cases?
A: For considerations like switching from intravenous to oral antibacterials and advice to be given to patients, refer to Antibacterials, principles of therapy.
These flashcards provide essential information for healthcare professionals dealing with patients who have sustained human or animal bites, ensuring proper assessment, treatment, and referral when necessary.
Regenerate
Q: What are the risks that patients with human or animal bites should be assessed for?
A: Patients with human or animal bites should be assessed for their risk of tetanus, rabies, or blood-borne viral infections (such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C).
Q: How should a patient’s wound from a bite be initially managed?
A: The patient’s wound should be cleaned by irrigation and debrided as necessary.
Q: When should advice be sought from a microbiologist regarding bites?
A: Advice should be sought from a microbiologist for bites from wild or exotic animals (including birds and non-traditional pets) due to the potential risk of different bacteria and non-bacterial infections. Consider seeking advice for bites from unfamiliar domestic animals as well.
Q: When should patients with human or animal bites be referred to the hospital?
A: Patients should be referred to the hospital if they have signs or symptoms suggesting a more serious illness or condition (e.g., severe cellulitis, abscess, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, necrotising fasciitis, or sepsis) or a penetrating wound involving critical structures.
Q: When should referral to the hospital or specialist advice be considered for patients with bites?
A: Consider referral to the hospital or seeking specialist advice for patients who have lymphangitis, are systemically unwell, have a bite in an area of poor circulation, are at risk of a serious wound infection due to comorbidities, or are unable to take oral antibacterials.
Q: What resources can be consulted for guidance on managing tetanus- and rabies-prone wounds from bites?
A: For guidance on the management of tetanus- and rabies-prone wounds, refer to Tetanus vaccine or Rabies vaccine.
Q: What considerations and advice might be needed regarding the use of antibacterials in bite cases?
A: For considerations like switching from intravenous to oral antibacterials and advice to be given to patients, refer to Antibacterials, principles of therapy.
These flashcards provide essential information for healthcare professionals dealing with patients who have sustained human or animal bites, ensuring proper assessment, treatment, and referral when necessary.
Regenerate
Q: When should antibacterial prophylaxis be offered to patients with a bite that has broken the skin and drawn blood?
A: Antibacterial prophylaxis should be offered to patients with a cat or human bite that has broken the skin and drawn blood or a dog/other traditional pet bite (excluding cat bites) that has broken the skin and drawn blood, especially if it has penetrated bone, joint, tendon, vascular structures, is deep, a puncture or crush wound, or caused significant tissue damage, or is visibly contaminated.
Q: When should antibacterial prophylaxis be considered for patients with specific bite injuries?
A: Consider antibacterial prophylaxis in patients with a cat bite that has broken the skin (even if it hasn’t drawn blood) and the wound could be deep, or a human bite that has broken the skin but not drawn blood, or a dog/other traditional pet bite (excluding cat bites) that has broken the skin and drawn blood if it involves high-risk areas (e.g., hands, feet, face, genitals, skin overlying cartilaginous structures, or areas of poor circulation) or in individuals with comorbidities at risk of serious wound infection.
Q: What should be done if a patient develops an infection despite taking antibacterial prophylaxis?
A: Consider referral to the hospital or seeking specialist advice for patients who develop an infection despite taking antibacterial prophylaxis.
These flashcards provide guidance for healthcare professionals on when to offer or consider antibacterial prophylaxis for uninfected bite wounds based on the characteristics of the bite and the patient’s risk factors.
Q: When should antibacterial prophylaxis be offered to patients with a bite that has broken the skin and drawn blood?
A: Antibacterial prophylaxis should be offered to patients with a cat or human bite that has broken the skin and drawn blood or a dog/other traditional pet bite (excluding cat bites) that has broken the skin and drawn blood, especially if it has penetrated bone, joint, tendon, vascular structures, is deep, a puncture or crush wound, or caused significant tissue damage, or is visibly contaminated.
Q: When should antibacterial prophylaxis be considered for patients with specific bite injuries?
A: Consider antibacterial prophylaxis in patients with a cat bite that has broken the skin (even if it hasn’t drawn blood) and the wound could be deep, or a human bite that has broken the skin but not drawn blood, or a dog/other traditional pet bite (excluding cat bites) that has broken the skin and drawn blood if it involves high-risk areas (e.g., hands, feet, face, genitals, skin overlying cartilaginous structures, or areas of poor circulation) or in individuals with comorbidities at risk of serious wound infection.
Q: What should be done if a patient develops an infection despite taking antibacterial prophylaxis?
A: Consider referral to the hospital or seeking specialist advice for patients who develop an infection despite taking antibacterial prophylaxis.
These flashcards provide guidance for healthcare professionals on when to offer or consider antibacterial prophylaxis for uninfected bite wounds based on the characteristics of the bite and the patient’s risk factors.
Q: Which patients should be offered oral antibacterials for bite wounds from a human, cat, dog, or traditional pet?
A: Oral antibacterials should be offered to patients who are able to take medication orally, and their condition doesn’t require intravenous antibacterials.
Q: What is the first-line oral antibacterial for bite wounds from a human, cat, dog, or traditional pet?
A: The first-line oral antibacterial for these bite wounds is Co-amoxiclav.
Q: What is the alternative in case of a penicillin allergy or unsuitability for Co-amoxiclav in bite wound treatment?
A: The alternative is doxycycline with metronidazole; specialist advice should be sought if the patient is pregnant.
Q: What is the first-line intravenous antibacterial for bite wounds from a human, cat, dog, or traditional pet?
A: The first-line intravenous antibacterial for these bite wounds is Co-amoxiclav.
Q: What is the alternative in case of a penicillin allergy or unsuitability for Co-amoxiclav in bite wound treatment?
A: The alternative includes cefuroxime or ceftriaxone with metronidazole. Specialist advice should be sought if a cephalosporin is not appropriate.
These flashcards provide information on the choice of antibacterials for prophylaxis and treatment of bite wounds from various sources, offering options and alternatives based on the patient’s condition and specific circumstances.
Regenerate
Q: Which patients should be offered oral antibacterials for bite wounds from a human, cat, dog, or traditional pet?
A: Oral antibacterials should be offered to patients who are able to take medication orally, and their condition doesn’t require intravenous antibacterials.
Q: What is the first-line oral antibacterial for bite wounds from a human, cat, dog, or traditional pet?
A: The first-line oral antibacterial for these bite wounds is Co-amoxiclav.
Q: What is the alternative in case of a penicillin allergy or unsuitability for Co-amoxiclav in bite wound treatment?
A: The alternative is doxycycline with metronidazole; specialist advice should be sought if the patient is pregnant.
Q: What is the first-line intravenous antibacterial for bite wounds from a human, cat, dog, or traditional pet?
A: The first-line intravenous antibacterial for these bite wounds is Co-amoxiclav.
Q: What is the alternative in case of a penicillin allergy or unsuitability for Co-amoxiclav in bite wound treatment?
A: The alternative includes cefuroxime or ceftriaxone with metronidazole. Specialist advice should be sought if a cephalosporin is not appropriate.
These flashcards provide information on the choice of antibacterials for prophylaxis and treatment of bite wounds from various sources, offering options and alternatives based on the patient’s condition and specific circumstances.
Regenerate
Q: What should the choice of antibacterial therapy for eczema be based on?
A: The choice of antibacterial therapy for eczema should be based on infection severity, suspected micro-organism, local antibacterial resistance data, and should be guided by microbiological results if available.
Q: What is the first-line topical antibacterial for eczema?
A: The first-line topical antibacterial for eczema is Fusidic acid.
Q: What should be offered if Fusidic acid is unsuitable or ineffective in eczema treatment?
A: An oral antibacterial should be offered.
Q: What is the first-line oral antibacterial for eczema?
A: The first-line oral antibacterial for eczema is Flucloxacillin.
Q: What is the alternative in case of a penicillin allergy or unsuitability for Flucloxacillin in eczema treatment?
A: The alternative includes clarithromycin or erythromycin (in pregnancy).
Q: What should be done if a Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is suspected or confirmed in eczema?
A: Consult a local microbiologist for guidance.
These flashcards provide information on the choice of antibacterial therapy for eczema, covering the topical and oral options, alternatives, and the approach when MRSA infection is suspected or confirmed.
Regenerate
Q: What should the choice of antibacterial therapy for eczema be based on?
A: The choice of antibacterial therapy for eczema should be based on infection severity, suspected micro-organism, local antibacterial resistance data, and should be guided by microbiological results if available.
Q: What is the first-line topical antibacterial for eczema?
A: The first-line topical antibacterial for eczema is Fusidic acid.
Q: What should be offered if Fusidic acid is unsuitable or ineffective in eczema treatment?
A: An oral antibacterial should be offered.
Q: What is the first-line oral antibacterial for eczema?
A: The first-line oral antibacterial for eczema is Flucloxacillin.
Q: What is the alternative in case of a penicillin allergy or unsuitability for Flucloxacillin in eczema treatment?
A: The alternative includes clarithromycin or erythromycin (in pregnancy).
Q: What should be done if a Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is suspected or confirmed in eczema?
A: Consult a local microbiologist for guidance.
These flashcards provide information on the choice of antibacterial therapy for eczema, covering the topical and oral options, alternatives, and the approach when MRSA infection is suspected or confirmed.
Regenerate
Q: When should mastitis during breast-feeding be treated?
A: Mastitis during breast-feeding should be treated if it is severe, if the person is systemically unwell, if a nipple fissure is present, if symptoms do not improve after 12–24 hours of effective milk removal, or if a culture indicates infection.
Q: What is the suggested duration of treatment with Flucloxacillin for mastitis during breast-feeding?
A: The suggested duration of treatment with Flucloxacillin for mastitis during breast-feeding is 10–14 days.
Q: What antibiotic is suggested for mastitis during breast-feeding in case of a penicillin allergy?
A: Erythromycin is suggested for mastitis treatment during breast-feeding in case of a penicillin allergy, with a suggested duration of treatment of 10–14 days.
These flashcards provide information on when to treat mastitis during breast-feeding, the antibiotic choices, and their suggested treatment durations, including an alternative for those with a penicillin allergy.
Q: When should mastitis during breast-feeding be treated?
A: Mastitis during breast-feeding should be treated if it is severe, if the person is systemically unwell, if a nipple fissure is present, if symptoms do not improve after 12–24 hours of effective milk removal, or if a culture indicates infection.
Q: What is the suggested duration of treatment with Flucloxacillin for mastitis during breast-feeding?
A: The suggested duration of treatment with Flucloxacillin for mastitis during breast-feeding is 10–14 days.
Q: What antibiotic is suggested for mastitis during breast-feeding in case of a penicillin allergy?
A: Erythromycin is suggested for mastitis treatment during breast-feeding in case of a penicillin allergy, with a suggested duration of treatment of 10–14 days.
These flashcards provide information on when to treat mastitis during breast-feeding, the antibiotic choices, and their suggested treatment durations, including an alternative for those with a penicillin allergy.
