Respiratory system infections, antibacterial therapy Flashcards
Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae):
Q: What is the recommended first-line treatment for epiglottitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae?
A: Cefotaxime (or ceftriaxone).
Q: What is the alternative antibiotic option for epiglottitis in patients with a history of immediate hypersensitivity reactions to penicillin or cephalosporins?
A: Chloramphenicol.
Bronchiectasis, Acute Exacerbation:
Q: What is bronchiectasis, and what defines an acute exacerbation of this condition?
A: Bronchiectasis is characterized by chronic inflammatory damage to the airways. An acute exacerbation is defined as a sustained deterioration of the patient’s signs and symptoms from their baseline.
Q: What is the recommended first-line oral antibiotic treatment for acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis?
A: Amoxicillin, clarithromycin, or doxycycline.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Acute Exacerbation:
Q: What factors can trigger an acute exacerbation of COPD, and what is the recommended duration of treatment for this condition?
A: Many exacerbations are not caused by bacterial infections but can be triggered by other factors such as smoking or viral infections. The recommended duration of treatment is 5 days.
Q: What is the first-line antibiotic choice for an acute exacerbation of COPD?
A: Amoxicillin, clarithromycin, or doxycycline.
Acute Cough:
Q: Acute cough is often self-limiting and commonly caused by what type of infection?
A: Acute cough is usually self-limiting and often caused by a viral upper respiratory tract infection.
Q: When is immediate antibacterial treatment recommended for acute cough, and what should be considered in patients at higher risk of complications?
A: Immediate antibacterial treatment is recommended for patients who are systemically very unwell. Patients at higher risk of complications may also receive immediate or back-up antibacterial treatment based on clinical examination.
Community-Acquired Pneumonia:
Q: When should antibacterial treatment be initiated for community-acquired pneumonia, and what should be considered when selecting antibiotics?
A: Antibacterial treatment should be started as soon as possible and within 4 hours of diagnosis. The choice of antibiotics should consider severity, local antimicrobial resistance, recent microbiological results, and more.
Q: What is the first-line oral antibiotic option for low-severity community-acquired pneumonia?
A: Amoxicillin.
Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia:
Q: How is hospital-acquired pneumonia different from community-acquired pneumonia?
A: Hospital-acquired pneumonia develops 48 hours or more after hospital admission.
Q: For patients with non-severe signs or symptoms and not at higher risk of resistance, what is the first-line oral antibiotic choice for hospital-acquired pneumonia?
A: Co-amoxiclav.
These flashcards cover important details about the treatment of various respiratory conditions, making it easier to remember the key information.
Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae):
Q: What is the recommended first-line treatment for epiglottitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae?
A: Cefotaxime (or ceftriaxone).
Q: What is the alternative antibiotic option for epiglottitis in patients with a history of immediate hypersensitivity reactions to penicillin or cephalosporins?
A: Chloramphenicol.
Bronchiectasis, Acute Exacerbation:
Q: What is bronchiectasis, and what defines an acute exacerbation of this condition?
A: Bronchiectasis is characterized by chronic inflammatory damage to the airways. An acute exacerbation is defined as a sustained deterioration of the patient’s signs and symptoms from their baseline.
Q: What is the recommended first-line oral antibiotic treatment for acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis?
A: Amoxicillin, clarithromycin, or doxycycline.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Acute Exacerbation:
Q: What factors can trigger an acute exacerbation of COPD, and what is the recommended duration of treatment for this condition?
A: Many exacerbations are not caused by bacterial infections but can be triggered by other factors such as smoking or viral infections. The recommended duration of treatment is 5 days.
Q: What is the first-line antibiotic choice for an acute exacerbation of COPD?
A: Amoxicillin, clarithromycin, or doxycycline.
Acute Cough:
Q: Acute cough is often self-limiting and commonly caused by what type of infection?
A: Acute cough is usually self-limiting and often caused by a viral upper respiratory tract infection.
Q: When is immediate antibacterial treatment recommended for acute cough, and what should be considered in patients at higher risk of complications?
A: Immediate antibacterial treatment is recommended for patients who are systemically very unwell. Patients at higher risk of complications may also receive immediate or back-up antibacterial treatment based on clinical examination.
Community-Acquired Pneumonia:
Q: When should antibacterial treatment be initiated for community-acquired pneumonia, and what should be considered when selecting antibiotics?
A: Antibacterial treatment should be started as soon as possible and within 4 hours of diagnosis. The choice of antibiotics should consider severity, local antimicrobial resistance, recent microbiological results, and more.
Q: What is the first-line oral antibiotic option for low-severity community-acquired pneumonia?
A: Amoxicillin.
Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia:
Q: How is hospital-acquired pneumonia different from community-acquired pneumonia?
A: Hospital-acquired pneumonia develops 48 hours or more after hospital admission.
Q: For patients with non-severe signs or symptoms and not at higher risk of resistance, what is the first-line oral antibiotic choice for hospital-acquired pneumonia?
A: Co-amoxiclav.
These flashcards cover important details about the treatment of various respiratory conditions, making it easier to remember the key information.
