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SKIN INFECTION Flashcards

1
Q

Flat lesions charcterized by change in color of the affected skin.

A

MACULES

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2
Q

Raised lesions, solid in consistency of less than 5 mm in diameter

A

PAPULES

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3
Q

Flat with elevated surface ( plateau-like) with more than 5 mm diameter

A

PLAQUES

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4
Q

Rounded raised lesions more than 5 mm in diameter

A

NODULES

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5
Q

Annular or ring like papules or plaques with pinkish color

A

URTICARIA ( wheals or hives)

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6
Q

Circumscribed fluid-filled lesions less than 5mmin diameter

A

VESICLES

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7
Q

circumscribed fluid-filled lesions more than 5mm in diameter

A

BULLAE

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8
Q

Circumscribed, exudate-filled lesions

A

PUSTULES

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9
Q

Skin lesions due to bleeding into the skin.

A

PURPURA

a.Petechiae - less than 3 mm diameter
b.Ecchymosis - more than 3 mm diameter

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10
Q

Crater- like lesion thay may involve the deeper layers of the epidermis and dermis

A

ULCER

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11
Q

Necrotic ulcer covered with a blackened scab or crust

A

ESCHAR

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12
Q

A pyogenic (pus-producing) infection involving the hair follicle. It is charavterized by localized painful inflammation and heals rapidly after draining the pus.

A

FOLLICULITIS

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13
Q

An extension of folliculitis and also known as boil. It is characterized by LARGER AND PAINFUL NODULES with underlying collection of dead and necrotic tissue.

A

FURUNCLE

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14
Q

Represents a coalescence of furuncles that extends into the subcutanueous tissue with multiple sinus tracts.

A

CARBUNCLE

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15
Q

Folliculitis occuring at the base of the eyelids

A

STY OR HORDEOLUM

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16
Q

Common in children. Primarily involves the face and the limbs. Starts as macule, then becomes a pus-filled vesicle that ruptures and forms crust(honey colored crust)

A

IMPETIGO

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17
Q

Part of the normal flora of the skin and commonly associated with “stitch abscess”, UTI, and Endocarditis. Causes infections in individuals with prosthetic devices.

A

STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIS

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18
Q

Gram stain of samples of infected tissue will show gram- positive cocci in pairs and chains associated with leukocytes

A

MICROSCOPY

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19
Q

Positive beta hemolysis in blood agar.

A

CULTURE

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20
Q

Antibiotic susceptibility test with (+) zone of inhibition of growth around the bacitracin disc.

A

BASITRACIN TEST

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21
Q

Capable of producing water- soluble pigments. An opportunistic pathogen, a common cause of nosocomial infections(hospital-acquired) and resistant to most antibiotics.

A

PSEDOMONAS AERUGINOSA

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22
Q

Warts are caused by a DNA virus, the

A

HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS

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23
Q

HPV is acquired by?

A
  1. Direct contact through mucosal or skin breaks.
    2.sexual contact.
    3.passage through infected birth canal.
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24
Q

Benign, self limiting proliferation of the skin that undergoes spontaneous resolution.

A

SKIN WARTS

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25
Q

Also known as condylomata acuminata

A

GENITAL AND ANOGENITAL WARTS

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26
Q

Treatment for Warts is by removal of the lesion by:

A

1.surgical excision
2.cryosurgery
3.electrocautery
4.application of caustic agents

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27
Q

Etiologic agents for Herpes Simples Infections

A

Herpes Simples Virus ( HSV) Types 1 and 2, (herpesviridae)

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28
Q

Herpes Simplex Virus can be transmittef through:

A

1.oral contact ( kissing)
2.fomites (sharing of glasses, toothbrushes)
3.sexual contact
4.transplacental ( during pregnancy) (during childbirth)

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29
Q

Primary infection, primarily caused by HSV-1. Presents as vesicles that rupture and ulcerate. Seen in the buccal mucosa, palate, gingivae, pharynx, and the tongue. GINGIVITIS. Common furing childhood.

A

GINGIVOSTOMATITIS

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30
Q

Caused by HSV-1 and HSV 2. Usually located at the vermillion boarders of the lips.

A

HERPES LABIALIS ( fever blister or cold sore)

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31
Q

HSV infection involving the fingers and caused by both HSV types 1 and 2.

A

HERPETIC WHITLOW

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32
Q

HSV Infection occuring in children with eczema.

A

ECZEMA HERPETICUM

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33
Q

HSV infection of the body and is usually acquired during wrestling or playing rugby.

A

HERPES GLADIATORUM

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34
Q

Skin infections may be caused by a variety of infectious agents such as:

A

Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi

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35
Q

A common cause of stitch abscess.

A

STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS

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36
Q

Grape-like clusters

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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37
Q

Treatment choice for Staphylococcus aureus

A

BETA-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS such as “Penicillin”

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38
Q

Part of the normal flora of the skin and commonly associated with “stitch abscess” ,UTI, and endocarditis

A

STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS

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39
Q

Pyoderma

A

Impetigo - lesions rupture and form honey-colored crusts

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40
Q

Clinical findings for STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES

A

1.impetigo
2.erysipelas
3.cellulitis
4.necrotizing fasciitis

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41
Q

Also known as “flesh-eating” or “streptococcal gangrene”

A

NECROTIZING FASCIITIS

42
Q

TINEA VERSICOLOR is caused by

A

MALASSEZIA FURFUR

43
Q

MALASSERIA FURFUR IS A NORMAL FLORA of the skin particurly in areas rich in sebaceous glands.

44
Q

The lesions are scaly with a dry, chalky appearance, usually appear on the face, neck, trunk ans arms.

A

TINEA VERSICOLOR

45
Q

___________ are gram positive bacilli arranged individually or in pairs or long serpentine chains giving them characteristic “bamboo fishing rod” or “Medusa head” appearance.

A

BACILLUS ANTHACIS

46
Q

Mode of transmission of Bacillus Anthracis

A

Through inoculation into open skin from either the soil or infected animal products, ingestion of infected meat or milk, inhalation of aerosolized spores.

47
Q

It produces four lethal toxins namely; alpha, beta, iota, and epsilon toxins.

A

CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS

48
Q

A life-threatening infection following physical trauma or surgery characterized by massive tissue necrosis with gas formation, shock, renal failure, and death within 2 days of onset

A

GAS GANGRENE

49
Q

Fungal infections involving the keratinized structures of the body such as the skin, hair, and nails.

A

CUTANEOUS MYCOSES OR DERMATOPHYTOSIS

50
Q

Caused of “CUTANEOUS MYCOSES”

A

Caused by a group of fungi reffered as “DERMATOPHYTES”

51
Q

Dermatophytes produce ________ an enzyme capable of breaking down keratin.

A

KERATINASE

52
Q

Infect the hair and nails only

A

MICROSPORUM

53
Q

Infect the skin, hair and nails.

A

TRICHOPHYTON

54
Q

Infect only the skin and nails.

A

EPIDERMOPHYTON

55
Q

DERMATOPHYTES are classified as

A

1.ZOOPHILIC ( From animals to humans)
2.GEOPHILIC ( from soil to humans)
3.ANTHROPOPHILIC ( From humans to humans)

56
Q

Also known as Athlete’ foot

A

TINEA PEDIS

57
Q

scalp

A

TINEA CAPITIS

58
Q

Body

A

Tinea Corporis

59
Q

Tinea cruris or jock itch is in

60
Q

TINEA MANUS

61
Q

Tinea Barbae is in

62
Q

TINEA UNGUIUM also known as ONYCHOMYCOSIS

63
Q

Tinea involving the skin usually presents with a ________ pattern

64
Q

TREATMENT FOR CUTANEOUS MYCOSES

A

ANTINFUNGAK DRUGS SUCH AS “AZOLES” Micronazole, clotrimazole, econazole.

65
Q

The infection initially involves the deeper layers of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue then later the bones.

A

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES

66
Q

Also known as rose gardener’s disease.

A

SPOROTRICHOSIS

67
Q

Sporotrichosis is caused by a dimorphic fungus called

A

SPOROTHRIX SCHENCKII ( found in the soil and decaying vegetation.

68
Q

Characterized by verrucous nodules or plaques. The infection in insidious and may become chronic.

A

CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS

69
Q

Mycetoma or Madura Foot common cause are

A

Phaeoacremonium, Madurella, Curvularia, and Fusarium.

70
Q

also known as Madura foot, is a chronic, progressively destructive disease that primarily affects the skin, subcutaneous tissues, and bones. It typically involves the feet but can also affect other parts of the body.

71
Q

small, benign growths on the skin caused by an infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). They can appear anywhere on the body and are common, particularly among children and young adults.

72
Q

A sexually transmitted form of warts that appear in the genital and anal areas.

A

GENITAL WARTS ( CONDYLOMATA ACUMINATA)

73
Q

Found on the soles of the feet. These warts can be painful due to their location and are often flat due to pressure from walking.

A

PLANTSR WARTS

74
Q

Long, thread-like warts that typically appear on the face, especially around the mouth, eyes, and nose.

A

Filiform Warts

75
Q

Many warts resolve on their own over time, but treatment can speed up the process and alleviate discomfort:

A

Topical Treatments:Salicylic Acid: Over-the-counter treatments that exfoliate the infected skin.Cantharidin: Applied by a healthcare provider to create a blister under the wart.Cryotherapy: Freezing the wart with liquid nitrogen, often done by a healthcare professional.Electrosurgery and Curettage: Burning off the wart with an electric current and then scraping it away.Laser Treatment: Using laser energy to destroy wart tissue.Immunotherapy: Applying medications or solutions that stimulate the immune system to fight the wart virus.

76
Q

Herpes simplex infections are caused by the

A

herpes simplex virus (HSV), which is categorized into two types: HSV-1 and HSV-2

77
Q

Commonly causes oral herpes, which results in cold sores or fever blisters around the mouth.Can also cause genital herpes, although this is less common.

A

HSV-1 (Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1)

78
Q

Primarily causes genital herpes, which results in sores and blisters around the genital and anal areas.Less commonly, it can cause oral herpes.

A

HSV-2 (Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2)

79
Q

Painful blisters or sores on the lips, mouth, gums, or throat.May be accompanied by fever and swollen lymph nodes.

A

Oral Herpes (HSV-1)

80
Q

Painful blisters or sores on the genitals, buttocks, thighs, or anus.Symptoms may include itching, pain during urination, and discharge.

A

Genital Herpes (HSV-2):

81
Q

Affects only the outermost layer of the skin (stratum corneum) and hair shafts.Examples: Pityriasis versicolor, Tinea nigra.

A

Superficial Mycosis:

82
Q

Involves the deeper layers of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and sometimes bone.Examples: Sporotrichosis, Chromoblastomycosis.

A

Subcutaneous Mycosis:

83
Q

Affects the epidermis, hair, and nails.Commonly caused by dermatophytes (e.g., Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton).Example: Tinea corporis (ringworm of the body), which matches the patient’s symptoms.

A

Cutaneous Mycosis

84
Q

Involves internal organs and can affect multiple systems in the body.Examples: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis.

A

Systemic Mycosis

85
Q

a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract, primarily caused by rhinoviruses. It is highly prevalent and affects people of all ages, typically leading to mild symptoms.

A

Common cold

86
Q

The most common cause, responsible for about 50% of colds.

A

Rhinoviruses

87
Q

caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, emerged in late 2019 and led to a global pandemic. It affects the respiratory system and can cause a range of symptoms from mild to severe, including life-threatening conditions.

88
Q

COVID 19 CAN BE TRANSMITTED THROUGH

A

Respiratory Droplets: Spread through coughing, sneezing, talking, or breathing.Aerosols: Smaller particles that can remain suspended in the air, particularly in poorly ventilated spaces.Fomites: Surfaces contaminated with the virus, though this is a less common transmission route.

89
Q

are a group of common viruses that can cause a range of illnesses affecting the respiratory tract, eyes, intestines, and urinary tract. They are particularly known for causing respiratory infections but can also lead to other conditions.

A

Adenoviruses

90
Q

Redness, swelling, and discharge from the eyes.

A

Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)

91
Q

Hematuria and dysuria, primarily in immunocompromised individuals.

A

Urinary Tract Infections

92
Q

Inflammation of the bronchial tubes, causing cough and mucus production.

A

Bronchitis

93
Q

Runny nose, sore throat, cough, fever.

A

Common cold

94
Q

Treatment for ADENOVIRUSES

A

There is no specific antiviral treatment for adenovirus infections; management focuses on relieving symptoms:Supportive Care: Adequate rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications to alleviate symptoms like fever and pain.Hospitalization: In severe cases, such as pneumonia, especially in infants, elderly, or immunocompromised individuals.Eye Drops: For conjunctivitis, lubricating or antibiotic eye drops may be used to relieve symptoms and prevent bacterial superinfection.

95
Q

versatile pathogens causing a variety of illnesses, from respiratory infections to gastroenteritis and conjunctivitis

A

Adenoviruses

96
Q

Severe infection of the lungs, leading to fever, cough, and difficulty breathing.

97
Q

Characterized by the swelling of the nasal passages and the back of the throat

A

NASOPHARYNGITIS

98
Q

Combination of sore throat, fever, and conjunctivitis, often seen in outbreaks among children.

A

Pharyngoconjunctival Fever

99
Q

TRANSMISSION OF PATHOGENS THROUGH THE AIR

A

AEROSOL DROPLET

100
Q

Most common mode of transmission among young children ans their families

A

FECAL-ORAL

101
Q

Transimission may occur when coming to into contact with contaminated surfaces

A

DIRECT INOCULATION OF CONJUNCTIVAE BY FINGERS

102
Q

Infection caused by different bacteria than the common ones that cause pneumonia

A

ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA

SKIN INFECTIONS (10 decks)

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