RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS Flashcards
Infections involving the respiratory tract are classified as :
- UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS AND
- LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS.
Upper Respiratory Tract is from the
Nose down to the larnyx including the sinuses.
Lower Respiratory tract includes the
Bronchial tree and the lungs
Respiratory tract infections may be caused by
VIRUSES , BACTERIA, AND FUNGI
Considered as a common illness in both children and adults. It is incidence and seasonal occurence tend to be predictable.
COMMON COLD ( Acute Rhinitis )
Common Viruses that usually cause the common cold.
- RHINOVIRUS ( most common)
2.PARAINFLUENZA VIRUSES
3.RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS
4.CORONAVIRUS
Main cause of the common cold. They primarily affect the nose and conjunctiva.
RHINOVIRUSES
Second most common cause of the common cold.
CORONAVIRUSES
A highly infectious disease caused by SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2). Originally known as 2019 novel coronavirus.
COVID-19
Non-enveloped DNA viruses that cause a variety of uoper and lower respiratory tract diseases such as pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, common cold, and pneumonia
ADENOVIRUSES
Characterized by the swelling of the nasal passages and the back of the throat.
NASOPHARYNGITIS
Acute respiratory disease characterized by fever, sore throat, coryza ( runny nose) and conjunctivitis.
PHARYNGOCONJUNCTIVAL FEVER
Inflammation of the bronchial tubes
BRONCHITIS
Infection caused by different bacteria than the common ones that cause pneumonia.
ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA
Characterized by Hematuria and dysuria
HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS
With non- bloody diarrhea in children younger than 2 years of age.
GASTROENTERITIS
Refers to the inflammation of the mucuous membranes of the pharynx. The clinical diagnostic category includes tonsilitis, tonsillopharyngitis, and nasopharyngitis.
PHARYNGITIS
Common illness of childhood, occuring more commonly during the cold weather months. The most common causes are adenoviruses, frequently causing infection in adolescent and younga dults in military training.
NASOPHARYNGITIS
Inflammation involving both the pharynx and the tonsils.
TONSILLOPHARYNGITIS
Inflammation of the mucosal lining of one or more of the paranasal sinus. Common in children with allergies, or adenoids and enlarged tonsils, dental infections, and in children with chronic ear infections.
SINUSITIS
This infection occurs in association with streptococcal pharyngitis and is caused by S.pyogenes strains producing streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin or formerlt known as erythrogenic toxin.
SCARLET FEVER
Inflammation involving the external ear.
OTITIS EXTERNA
Inflammation of the mucoperiosteal lining of the middle ear.
OTITIS MEDIA
More commonly known as “flu” , initially involves the upper respiratory tract. Caused by the influenza viruses.
INFLUENZA
Symptoms appear abruptly, consisting of chills, headache and dry cough, followed by high fever, generalized muscular pains, malaise and anorexia.
UNCOMPLICATED INFLUENZA
Complicated influenza and may be viral, secondary bacterial, or a combination of the two. Usuay occurs in the elderly, and debilitated patients, especially those with underlying chronic disease
PNEUMONIA
It is a pathogen that only naturally infects humans. Its virulence can be attributed to the various toxins it produces that are respoonsible for tissue destruction and manifestations of pertussis.
PERTUSSIS ( WHOOPING COUGH)
3 Stages of Pertussis
- CATARRHAL STAGE
- PAROXYSMAL STAGE
3.CONVALESCENT STAGE
Most contagious stage and lasts 1-2 weeks. It manifests as a mild upper respiratory tract infection with non-specific signs and symptoms. The greatest number of microorganisms is produced during this stage.
CATARRHAL STAGE
This stage is characterized by a series of 5-20 forceful, hacking coughs accompanied by production of copious amounts of mucus that ends in a high-pitched indrawn breath that makes the “whoop” noise, hence the term whooping cough.
PAROXYSMAL STAGE
This stage is characterized by a reduction in the symptoms of the patient leading to recovery. The patient is no longer contagious.
CONVALESCENT STAGE
Main cause of tuberculosis ( TB) globally.
MYOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS
Also called as WOOLSORTER’S DISEASE and transmitted through inhalation of spores of BACILLUS ANTHRACIS
PULMONARY ANTHRAX
Common cold, pharyngitis, croup, tonsilitis, diphtheria, and otitis media and externa.
UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS
More severe than URTI Includes pneumonia, pertussis, tuberculosis and anthrax
LOWER RESPIRATORY YRACT INFECTIONS
Influenza is caused by influenza virus under the family of
ORTHOMYXOVIRUSES
Second most common cause of common cold but has evolved and caused severe acute respiratory syndrome worldwide.
CORONAVIRUS
Most common cause of atypical pneumonia is
MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE
