RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS

Question 1

Infections involving the respiratory tract are classified as :

Answer 1

1. UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS AND
2. LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS.

Question 2

Upper Respiratory Tract is from the

Answer 2

Nose down to the larnyx including the sinuses.

Question 3

Lower Respiratory tract includes the

Answer 3

Bronchial tree and the lungs

Question 4

Respiratory tract infections may be caused by

Answer 4

VIRUSES , BACTERIA, AND FUNGI

Question 5

Considered as a common illness in both children and adults. It is incidence and seasonal occurence tend to be predictable.

Answer 5

COMMON COLD ( Acute Rhinitis )

Question 6

Common Viruses that usually cause the common cold.

Answer 6

1. RHINOVIRUS ( most common)
   2.PARAINFLUENZA VIRUSES
   3.RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS
   4.CORONAVIRUS

Question 7

Main cause of the common cold. They primarily affect the nose and conjunctiva.

Answer 7

RHINOVIRUSES

Question 8

Second most common cause of the common cold.

Answer 8

CORONAVIRUSES

Question 9

A highly infectious disease caused by SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2). Originally known as 2019 novel coronavirus.

Answer 9

COVID-19

Question 10

Non-enveloped DNA viruses that cause a variety of uoper and lower respiratory tract diseases such as pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, common cold, and pneumonia

Answer 10

ADENOVIRUSES

Question 11

Characterized by the swelling of the nasal passages and the back of the throat.

Answer 11

NASOPHARYNGITIS

Question 12

Acute respiratory disease characterized by fever, sore throat, coryza ( runny nose) and conjunctivitis.

Answer 12

PHARYNGOCONJUNCTIVAL FEVER

Question 13

Inflammation of the bronchial tubes

Answer 13

BRONCHITIS

Question 14

Infection caused by different bacteria than the common ones that cause pneumonia.

Answer 14

ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA

Question 15

Characterized by Hematuria and dysuria

Answer 15

HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS

Question 16

With non- bloody diarrhea in children younger than 2 years of age.

Answer 16

GASTROENTERITIS

Question 17

Refers to the inflammation of the mucuous membranes of the pharynx. The clinical diagnostic category includes tonsilitis, tonsillopharyngitis, and nasopharyngitis.

Answer 17

PHARYNGITIS

Question 18

Common illness of childhood, occuring more commonly during the cold weather months. The most common causes are adenoviruses, frequently causing infection in adolescent and younga dults in military training.

Answer 18

NASOPHARYNGITIS

Question 19

Inflammation involving both the pharynx and the tonsils.

Answer 19

TONSILLOPHARYNGITIS

Question 20

Inflammation of the mucosal lining of one or more of the paranasal sinus. Common in children with allergies, or adenoids and enlarged tonsils, dental infections, and in children with chronic ear infections.

Answer 20

SINUSITIS

Question 21

This infection occurs in association with streptococcal pharyngitis and is caused by S.pyogenes strains producing streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin or formerlt known as erythrogenic toxin.

Answer 21

SCARLET FEVER

Question 22

Inflammation involving the external ear.

Answer 22

OTITIS EXTERNA

Question 23

Inflammation of the mucoperiosteal lining of the middle ear.

Answer 23

OTITIS MEDIA

Question 24

More commonly known as “flu” , initially involves the upper respiratory tract. Caused by the influenza viruses.

Answer 24

INFLUENZA

Question 25

Symptoms appear abruptly, consisting of chills, headache and dry cough, followed by high fever, generalized muscular pains, malaise and anorexia.

Answer 25

UNCOMPLICATED INFLUENZA

Question 26

Complicated influenza and may be viral, secondary bacterial, or a combination of the two. Usuay occurs in the elderly, and debilitated patients, especially those with underlying chronic disease

Answer 26

PNEUMONIA

Question 27

It is a pathogen that only naturally infects humans. Its virulence can be attributed to the various toxins it produces that are respoonsible for tissue destruction and manifestations of pertussis.

Answer 27

PERTUSSIS ( WHOOPING COUGH)

Question 28

3 Stages of Pertussis

Answer 28

1. CATARRHAL STAGE
2. PAROXYSMAL STAGE
   3.CONVALESCENT STAGE

Question 29

Most contagious stage and lasts 1-2 weeks. It manifests as a mild upper respiratory tract infection with non-specific signs and symptoms. The greatest number of microorganisms is produced during this stage.

Answer 29

CATARRHAL STAGE

Question 30

This stage is characterized by a series of 5-20 forceful, hacking coughs accompanied by production of copious amounts of mucus that ends in a high-pitched indrawn breath that makes the “whoop” noise, hence the term whooping cough.

Answer 30

PAROXYSMAL STAGE

Question 31

This stage is characterized by a reduction in the symptoms of the patient leading to recovery. The patient is no longer contagious.

Answer 31

CONVALESCENT STAGE

Question 32

Main cause of tuberculosis ( TB) globally.

Answer 32

MYOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

Question 33

Also called as WOOLSORTER’S DISEASE and transmitted through inhalation of spores of BACILLUS ANTHRACIS

Answer 33

PULMONARY ANTHRAX

Question 34

Common cold, pharyngitis, croup, tonsilitis, diphtheria, and otitis media and externa.

Answer 34

UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS

Question 35

More severe than URTI Includes pneumonia, pertussis, tuberculosis and anthrax

Answer 35

LOWER RESPIRATORY YRACT INFECTIONS

Question 36

Influenza is caused by influenza virus under the family of

Answer 36

ORTHOMYXOVIRUSES

Question 37

Second most common cause of common cold but has evolved and caused severe acute respiratory syndrome worldwide.

Answer 37

CORONAVIRUS

Question 38

Most common cause of atypical pneumonia is

Answer 38

MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE