Skin, Fascia And Sensory Nerve Endings Flashcards
The epidermis is composed of …….. ……
Epithelial cells
The dermis is ……….. and composed of ……….. connective tissue
1.thicker
2.dense
What is the function of the hypodermis (superficial fascia)?
Stores fat and provides flexible connection to underlying tissues e.g. muscle
Thickness of skin varies from …………. To ……….
1.5mm to 4mm
Dermis contains ……. Vessels
Blood
What is the function of skin?
-Constantly replaces cells to maintain protective coat for the contents of the body
-Protection from sun rays, heat loss and water loss
-Part of the passive immune system of the body, because it forms a barrier
-Secretes substances, such as sweat, oil and antibodies as part of these functions
What are the 4 cell types within the epidermis?
-keratinocyte=contain fibrous proteins called keratins
-melanocytes= pigment producing cells; umbrellas for our skin
-langerhans cells= of bone marrow origin, immune function
-merkel cells= specialised mechanoreceptors (touch)
What are the 4 layers of mature epidermis?
-stratum basale= is where stem cells divide. It ensures continuous protection and constantly renews the outer layer
- stratum spinosum= /pickle cell layer. Several layers of cells
-stratum granulosum= cells begin to pack up their organelles and accumulate keratin
-stratum corneum= /hardened waterproof layer. It’s dead, keratinocytes filled with keratin and protects against mechanical damage, water loss and pathogen invasion
What do dendritic cells do?
Detective pathogen quickly, initiating an immune response.
The epidermis is joined to the dermis by the ……… ……….. zone
Basement membrane
Skin pathology can result from a breakdown in the normal interactions between the …… and ……… at the basement membrane zone
-Epidermis
-dermis
What are the three cutaneous glands?
-eccrine sweat glands
-apocrine sweat glands
- sebaceous glands
Which cutaneous gland is this, what’s its function and body location
- eccrine sweat glands
- functions = temp control and some antibacterial properties
-location= everywhere, but especially palms, soles and forehead
Which cutaneous gland is this, what’s its function and body location
-apocrine sweat glands
-function: may act as sexual scent glands
-location: mostly auxiliary and anogenital regions
Which cutaneous gland is this, what’s its function and body location
-sebaceous glands
-functions: lubricate skin and hair, help prevent water loss, antibacterial properties
-location: everywhere except palms and soles
What are the four mechanoreceptors in the skin?
Which sensory receptor is this and its function
- free nerve endings of sensory neurones
- detect many stimuli, rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors ( hot and cold) and nociceptors (pain and itch)
What sensory receptor is this and its function
-muscle spindles
- extramural fibres: force of muscle contraction
- intrafusal fibres: stretch receptors in skeletal muscle and detect changes in the length of the muscle
Which sensory receptor is this and its function
-tendon organs
-monitors tension in tendons and detects when the muscle is stretching; prevents overstretching
-part of reflex system
What is fascia made out of ?
Connective tissue
What does the fascia do?
surrounds and holds organs, blood vessel, bone, nerve fibre and muscle in their correct places in the body
Fascia has nerves that make it almost as ………. As skin
Sensitive
Super fascia stores …….., while deep fascia surrounds ……. And ……..
-fat
-muscles
-bones
