Nerve Tissue

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

Answer 2

Question 3

What is the definition of the term nucleus for the nervous system?

Answer 3

A group of neuron cell bodies in the CNS ( within similar function )

Question 4

What is the definition of the term ganglion for the nervous system?

Answer 4

A group of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

Question 5

What is the definition of the term tract for the nervous system?

Answer 5

A bundle of axons in the CNS

Question 6

What is the definition of the term nerve for the nervous system?

Answer 6

A bundle of axons in the PNS

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

What is the function of dendrites?

Answer 9

Form connections with many neurons and receive impulses from them, forming a network for easy communication

Question 10

What is the function of a myelin sheath?

Answer 10

Speeds up the conduction of action potential

Question 11

What is the function of the nodes of ranvier?

Answer 11

Enable saltatory conduction (electrical impulse travelling from node to the next), increasing speed

Question 12

What are the three structural classes of neurons and where are they found ?

Answer 12

-Multipolar neurons= brain
-Bipolar neurons= nose, eyes and ears
-Unipolar neurons= dorsal root ganglion of the spinal cord

Question 13

Which structural class does this neuron belong to ?

Answer 13

Multipolar

Question 14

Which structural class does this neuron belong to?

Answer 14

Bipolar

Question 15

Which structural class does this neurone belong to?

Answer 15

Unipolar ( pseudounipolar)

Question 16

What is the function of astrocytes?

Answer 16

-They regulate the exchange between capillaries and neurons, influence capillary permeability, and guide neuron migration.
-communicate with each other through calcium pulses and chemical signals,

Question 17

Answer 17

Question 18

What is the function of microglial cells?

Answer 18

Act as immune cells, monitor neural tissue and respond to injuries

Question 19

Answer 19

Question 20

What is function of endymal cells?

Answer 20

-Line the brain’s ventricles and the spinal cord’s central canal.
-Contribute to the production and circulation of CSF, which cushions the brain and spinal cord and removes waste.
-Use their cilia to help move CSF, ensuring proper flow and distribution

Question 21

Answer 21

Question 22

What is the function of oligodendrocytes?

Answer 22

They wrap their processes around thicker nerve fibers , forming an insulating myelin sheath.

Question 23

Answer 23

Question 24

What is the function of satellite cells?

Answer 24

surround neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and are thought to have similar functions to astrocytes in the CNS.

Question 25

What is the function of Schwann cells/ neurolemmocytes?

Answer 25

-wrap around all nerve fibers in the PNS, forming myelin sheaths around thicker fibers
-play a crucial role in the regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve fibers.

Question 26

Answer 26

Question 27

Describe the process?

Answer 27

1. Depolarisation of pre-synaptic membrane causes opening of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels
   ○ Ca2+ diffuse into pre-synaptic neurone / knob
2. Causing vesicles containing ACh to move and fuse with pre-synaptic membrane
   ○ Releasing ACh into the synaptic cleft (by exocytosis)
3. ACh diffuses across synaptic cleft to bind to specific receptors on post-synaptic membrane
4. Causing Na+ channels to open
   ○ Na+ diffuse into post-synaptic knob causing depolarisation
   ○ If threshold is met, an action potential is initiated

Question 28

State the process

Answer 28