Joints, Bones And Skeleton

Question 1

What is intramembranous ossification?

Answer 1

mesenchymal models of bone form during the embryonic period and direct ossification begins

Question 2

What is endochondral ossification?

Answer 2

cartilage models of bone form from mesenchyme during fetal period, bone then replaces cartilage

Question 3

What are two divisions of the skeleton

Answer 3

-Axial skeleton
-appendicular skeleton

Question 4

Which division of the skeleton is this ?

Answer 4

Axial

Question 5

What is the axial skeleton composed of and its main function.

Answer 5

-composed of the skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum
-function: protection of the brain, spinal cord, heart and lungs

Question 6

Which division of the skeleton is this

Answer 6

Appendicular skeleton

Question 7

What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?

Answer 7

Shoulder girdle with the upper limbs and pelvic girdle with the lower limbs

Question 8

What are the functions of joints?

Answer 8

• Provide the skeleton mobility (controlled movement)
• Hold the skeleton together
• Differential growth
• Transmission of forces

Question 9

What are the three classification names of joints and Function

Answer 9

Question 10

What are the three fibrous joints and give a description

Answer 10

SYNDESMOSIS
-Allows very limited movement with the articulating surfaces being further apart than in sutures and filled with more fibrous tissue

SUTURE
-The tightest of all joints, they consist of a thin layer of dense fibrous tissue and interlocking bones

Question 11

Name another fibrous joint apart from suture, syndesmosis and gomphosis AND give a description

Answer 11

THE LABRUM
1. A ring of fibrous cartilage
2. Deepens the articular surface of a bone
3. Improves the stability of the joint (by increasing the SA)

Question 12

What are the two cartilaginous joints and more info on this type of joint

Answer 12

-Allow limited or no movement
-A mixture of cartilage and fibrous tissue joins the bones
-Principle type of joint is a symphysis, such as the pubic symphysis
-Ordinarily it allows no movement but during pregnancy the fibrous tissue relaxes and allows the pelvis to enlarge to accommodate the baby through the birth canal

Question 13

Which joint is this and name the hidden parts

Answer 13

-synovial joint

Question 14

What is the function of the articular cartilage?

Answer 14

The spongy cushions absorb compression and friction placed on the joint and keep bone ends from being crushed.

Question 15

What is the function of joint (articular) cavity?

Answer 15

Contains a small amount of synovial fluid and the joint cavity is a potential space as it expands if fluid accumulates

Question 16

What is the function of articular capsule?

Answer 16

Composed of dense irregular connective tissue and strengthens the joint so that the bones are not pulled apart

Question 17

What is the function of the bursa?

Answer 17

fibrous sacs lined with synovial membranes and contain synovial fluid

Question 18

What is the function of synovial fluid ?

Answer 18

It provides a slippery, weight-bearing film that reduces friction between the cartilages. Without this lubri-cant, excessive friction could overheat and destroy the joint tissues.

Question 19

What is the function of nerves and blood vessels ?

Answer 19

synovial joints are richly supplied with with sensory nerve fibres that innervate the capsule.Some detect pain but most monitor joint position and stretch.

Question 20

What is the function of menisci?

Answer 20

improves joint stability and enhances the flow of synovial fluid to the areas of greatest friction

Question 21

What are the six synovial joint types and give examples of them.

Answer 21