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CYTO&HISTO > SKIN CANCER > Flashcards

SKIN CANCER Flashcards

1
Q

What is the adult human follicular skin made of?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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2
Q

What layer of skin is the epidermal barrier?

A

Stratum corneum

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3
Q

What is the most abundant cell in the epridermis?

A

Keratinocytes

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4
Q

What cell is important for tissue repair?

A

Keratinocytes

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5
Q

What is the normal wound healing order?

A

Inflammation, proliferation, maturation

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6
Q

What is the most common type of skin cancer?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

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7
Q

When does the skin maturation lead to a component barrier being formed?

A

24 weeks

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8
Q

What basal is most common in basal cell carcinoma?

A

Nodular

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9
Q

What cells are skin cancers found in?

A

Keratinocytes and melanocytes

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10
Q

What type of skin cancer is easy to mestastisise?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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11
Q

What molecular changes lead to basal cell carcinoma?

A

Abnormal activity of the hedgehog signalling pathway, mutations in patched 1 and SMO can cause tumour formation

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12
Q

Where does squamous cell carcinoma begin?

A

Epidermis

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13
Q

What is the mutation gene that causes squamous cell carcinoma?

A

P53 - wild type to mutant 53

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14
Q

How many stages of squamous cell carcinoma are there?

A

5 (0-4)

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15
Q

What is cyrosurgery used for in squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Freezing cancer cells in order to destroy them

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of melanoma?

A

Change in mole or patch of skin

17
Q

What mutation does melanoma have?

A

BRAF mutation

18
Q

What are the general cancer stages?

A

1: cancer cells look normal and growing slowly
2: cancer cells looking abnormal and growing quicker
3: cancer cells look extremely abnormal and growing rapidly

19
Q

Where are melanocytes found in the human skin?

A

Basal layer of epidermis

20
Q

What does a fine needle do?

A

Inserted into tissue cells with a tumour present, e.g. a patient with a tumour in their neck representing a case of melanoma

CYTO&HISTO (7 decks)

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