CARDIOVASCULAR/ RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards
What is arteriosclerosis?
Thickening and inelasticity of artery walls
What is atherosclerosis?
a build up of lipids and fats in artery walls causing obstruction to vascular lumen
What are the stages of atherosclerosis plaque formation?
Endothelial damage, uptake of LDLs and infiltration of macrophages, smooth muscle proliferation and fibrous cap
What are the causes of cardiovascular diseases?
- Narrowing or destruction of vessel lumen
- weakening of vessel walls
What are the two parts of the circulatory system?
Blood vascular
Lymph vascular
What is the histological structure of the wall?
Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium
What are the differences between arteries and veins?
- arteries have a round lumen, veins have a misshapen one
- both have tunica intima, media, externa but media and externa is thicker in arteries
- arteries have a thick outer wall, veins have a thin outer wall
What is hypertension?
Persistent elevated blood pressure which affects structure and function of blood vessels
What is ischaemia?
Lack of blood flow to the heart
What is the conducting zone of the respiratory system?
Zone brings air into lungs from outside
What is the respiratory zone?
Allows oxygen into the lungs in exchange for CO2
What is the respiratory epithelium?
Ciliated pseudostratified
What is bronchitis?
Infection of the main airways of the lungs
What is emphysema?
Damage if air sacs in the lungs
What is the histological description of bronchitis?
Mucus in airways, hypertrophy in submucosal glands
