Skin Cancer Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Basal cell carcinoma risk factors

A

increasing age
previous BCC / skin cancers
chronic sun exposure
repeated episodes of sunburn
skin type (fair, fitzpatrick 1)
inherited conditions

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2
Q

BCC clinical features

A

slow growing plaque / nodule
skin coloured- pink, brown, pigmented
spontaenous bleeding or ulcerated

*non melanoma skin cancer
*most common cancer worldwide

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3
Q

types of BCC

A
  1. nodular BCC
  2. superficial BCC
  3. morphoeic BCC
  4. basosquamous BCC
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4
Q

nodular BCC

A

most common facial type
shiny/pearly nodule with a smooth surface and central depression / ulceration
blood vessels across the surface
can have variants

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5
Q

superficial BCC

A

common in younger adults
upper trunk / shoulders
slightly scaly, irregular plaque
thin, translucent rolled border
multiple microerosions

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6
Q

morphoeic BCC

A

mild facial sites
waxy, scar like plaque
indsitinct burers
can infliatrate cutaenous nerves

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7
Q

Basosqumous BCC

A

mixed basal and squamous cell carcinoma
infilatrative growth pattern

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8
Q

layers of the skin

A
  1. epidermis
  2. dermis
  3. hypodermis

layers of the epidermis
1. stratum corneum
2. stratum lucideum
3. stratum granulosum
4. stratum spinosum (SCC)
5. stratum basale (BCC)

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9
Q

investigations of BCC

A
  1. biopsy
  2. histopathological examination
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10
Q

management of BCC

A

complete removal of the tumor

topical flurouracil (5-FU), cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy

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11
Q

SCC (squamous cell carcinoma) pathophysiology

A

second most common skin cancer (after BCC)
malignant transformation of the stratum spinosum of the epidermis

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12
Q

SCC risk factors

A

exposure to sunlight
chemical carcinogens
precancerous lesions- actinic keratosis
skin damage- scars, burns, ulcers

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13
Q

SCC presentation

A

painless
non-healign
bleeding ulcers
crusting, itching
everted edges

*can also present as plaques, nodules, warty lesions

*all forms eventually ulcerate

most commonly on face, neck, lower lip, ears, hands

RED FLAGS- malaise, weight loss, lympadenopathy

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14
Q

investigations / diagnosis of SCC

A
  1. biopsy (punch biopsy / wedge / excisional)
  2. urther imaging- CT, MRI
  3. lymph node biopsies, FNAC
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15
Q

morphology of SCC lesions

A

firm to palpate (nodular/plaque)
ulcerate , bleed
tender / painful
crusty keratotic top with a nodular base
variable size

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16
Q

melanoma

A

highly malignant tumor arising from melanocytes
risk factors- UV radiation exposure, sunburn, age, fhx, immunosupression

17
Q

melanoma clinical features

A

itchy (pruritic)
persistently bleeding skin lesion
assymetry
irregular border
color
diameter >6mm
evolving

18
Q

diagnosis / investigation for melanoma

A

full thickness excisional biopsy
staging test (USS, MRI)

19
Q

melanoma vs SCC vs BCC

A

melanoma: brown/black, irregular macule/nodule, commonly on trunk or extremitis, slow gorwth

SCC: red, scaly plaque like, rough texture, all eventually ulcerate

BCC: pink, pearly nodular lesion, superficial veins, central dimpling, slow growth

20
Q

melanoma treatment

A

surgical excision
medical therapy - BRAF kinase inhibitor