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Dermatology > Common dermatology conditions > Flashcards

Common dermatology conditions Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Acne rosacea clinical features

A

Affects node, cheeks, forehead - Flushing - Telangiectasia - Can develop into persistent erythema with papules and pustules - Rhinophyma - Occular involvement- blepharitis Sunlight can exacerbate symptoms

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2
Q

Acne rosacea treatment

A

Topical metronidazole Topical brimonidine if flushing but limited telangiectasia Antibiotics- oxytetracycline High factor sunscreen, camouflage creams Laser therapy

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3
Q

Pyogenic granuloma clinical features

A

(overgrowth of blood vessels following a trauma can mimic an amelonitic melanoma Friable overgrowths of granulation at sites of minor trauma Ulcerated, bleeding on contact bluish edge common around stoma sites

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4
Q

Pyogenic granuloma treatment

A

Curettage, cautery

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5
Q

Acathosis nigrans

A

Brown-black Poorly defined Velvety hyperpigmentation of the skin Body folds- posterior and lateral folds of NECK, AXILLA, GROIN, UMBILICUS, FOREHEAD Insulin resistance (increased insulin levels – spill over to the skin and cause hyperplasia of the skin)

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6
Q

Dermatitis herpetiformis

A

Chronic itchy clusters of blisters Linked with coeliac disease

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7
Q

Karposi sarcoma clinical features

A

tumour of the vascular and lymphatic epithelium associated with immunosuppression (HIV) clinical feature- purple cutaneous nodules

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8
Q

BCC (basal cell carcinoma)

A

the most common form of skin exposure sun-exposed sites slow-growing with low metastatic potential rolled edge umbicalated / ulceration talengectasia

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9
Q

types of BCC

A
  • Nodular BCC: raised translucent papule. Usually affects the face. - Superficial BCC: superficial erythematous macule affecting the trunk. Spontaneous regression. Horizontal growth. - Morpheaform BCC: flat, slightly atrophic lesions, plaque without well-defined borders. Tumours have sub clinical lateral spread which increases recurrence rates - Cystic BCC: clear/blue-grey appearances. - Basosquamous carcinoma: atypical BCC basaloid histological BCC features with eosinophilic squamoid features of SCC
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10
Q

BCC investigation and treatment

A

Ix: punch biopsy Tx: surgical excision, topical chemotherapy, radiotherapy

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11
Q

SCC squamous cell carcinoma

A

caused by sun exposure, increased risk if immunosuppressed In situ Invasive Actinic

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12
Q

Malignant melanoma clinical features

A

Change in size, shape or colour >6mm Inflammation Oozing, bleeding Altered sensation

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13
Q

Malignant melanoma mx

A

Excision biopsy The lesion should be removed in completely as incision biopsy can make subsequent histopathological assessment difficult

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14
Q

Tinea clinical features

A

superficial fungal infection ring worm small-large well demarcated patchy itchy

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15
Q

Tinea management

A

antifungals topic/oral keep dry

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16
Q

Steven Johnson syndrome

A

Rash, macules Develops in papules, bullae erythema

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17
Q

Keloid scars

A

tumour like lesions that arise from the connective tissue of a scar beyond dimensions of the original wound mx: steroids

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18
Q

Impetigo clinical features

A

Paediatric skin condition Caused by staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogens Papule-vesicle rupture oozey honey coloured - gold crusted with surrounding erythema

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19
Q

Impetigo investigations and management

A

microbiological culture treatment: topical antibiotics, mupriocin, chlonotexidine. topical asidic acid? *can return to school once crusted or after 48hrs after starting antibiotics

20
Q

Scarlet fever clinical features

A

sore throat, strawberry tongue, skin peeling

21
Q

Measels clinical features

A

red papules on face, neck, shoulders kopliks spots- tiny, blue/white papules cough, malaise, fever URTI, coryza, conjunctivitis

22
Q

Cellulitis clinical features

A

acute spreading infection of the skin with visually indistinct burdens. infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue erythema, swelling, pain and warmth, fever, chills, confusion

23
Q

cellulitis investigation and management

A

FBC culture skin aspiration treatment: penicillin, cephalosporin, quinolone if purulent - vancomycin, flucloxacillin.

24
Q

Scabies clinical features

A

mite sarcopies scabies which lays eggs in the stratum corneum severe itchiness (delayed IV hypersensitivity) lab- mites/eggs

25
Q

Scabies management

A

pormethrin, malathon insect cream

26
Q

neurofibromatosis

A

NF1 cafe au lait spots in axilla/groin, freckles (AD) NF2 bilateral vestibular schwannoma

27
Q

psoriasis clinical features

A

a well-circumscribed erythematous lesion with silver scale/salmon pink found on extensor surfaces (elbows and knees) nail pitting

28
Q

psoriasis management

A

topical meds- corticosteroids

29
Q

vitiligo clinical features

A

autoimmune condition *links with DM, addisons, pernacious anaemia, alopecia loss of melanocytes. well demarcated hypopigmentation

30
Q

vitilgo mx

A

sunblock cosmetic corticosteroids

31
Q

erythema multiforme

A

target lesions central vesicle and bullae

32
Q

Herpes Zoster Virus (shingles) (Ramsey Hunt)

A

Affects the first branch of the trigeminal nerve (opthalmic) painful, red, rash with fluid filled blisters

33
Q

Urticaria clinical features

A

Hives wheals, pruritis, angioedema nettle rash allergy to food, insects, chemical

34
Q

Urticaria investigation and treatment

A

Ix: skin prick test Treatment:

35
Q

Eczema clinical features

A

inflammatory condition dry, itchy, scaling vesicles and papules fhx of atopy (asthma and hay fever)

36
Q

Eczema investigation and treatment

A

clinical diagnosis, allergy testing, IgE, skin biopsy avoid triggers emollients, steroids, topical calcineurin severe- high potency steroids, calcineurin inhibitors, phototherapy

37
Q

erysipelas

A

superficial cellulitis caused by Group A streptococcus butterfly rash

38
Q

compartment syndrome clinical features

A

elevated interstitial pressure in a closed compartment (microvascular compromise) history of trauma, bleeding disorder P’s - pain, pressure, pallor, pulseless

39
Q

compartment syndrome - investigation, differentials and treatment

A

Ix: compartment pressure measurement, serum creatinine, urine microglobin ddx: DVT, acute ischaemia, muscle tear tx: NSAIDS dressing release and support, fasoctomy, amputation.

40
Q

contact dermatitis clinical features

A

eruption due to allergen (health care professionals) erythematous, well-circumscribed, asymmetrical whereas eczema is usually symmetrical

41
Q

acne vulgaris clinical features

A

face/upper trunk/back blackheads (open comedone) white (closed comedone) treatment: tetracycline, topical retinoids

42
Q

varicella (chickenpox)

A

water-drop on face / scalp the crust falls off and leaves a pink base fever and dyspnoea

43
Q

rubella clinical features

A

pink macules and papules forehead, face, trunk then fades from the face and then body

44
Q

mollocusum contagiosum

A

vesicles filled with millions of viruses can last up to 18-24 months

45
Q

Roseaca

  • symptoms / signs
A
  • redness (blushing) across your nose, cheeks, forehead, and chin that comes and goes
  • a burning or stinging feeling when using water or skincare products

other symptoms

  • dry skin
  • swelling, especially around the eyes
  • yellow-orange patches on the skin
  • sore eyelids or crusts around roots of eyelashes – this could be blepharitis
  • thickened skin, mainly on the nose (usually appears after many years)

Dermatology (18 decks)

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