Common dermatology conditions Flashcards
Acne rosacea clinical features
Affects node, cheeks, forehead - Flushing - Telangiectasia - Can develop into persistent erythema with papules and pustules - Rhinophyma - Occular involvement- blepharitis Sunlight can exacerbate symptoms
Acne rosacea treatment
Topical metronidazole Topical brimonidine if flushing but limited telangiectasia Antibiotics- oxytetracycline High factor sunscreen, camouflage creams Laser therapy
Pyogenic granuloma clinical features
(overgrowth of blood vessels following a trauma can mimic an amelonitic melanoma Friable overgrowths of granulation at sites of minor trauma Ulcerated, bleeding on contact bluish edge common around stoma sites
Pyogenic granuloma treatment
Curettage, cautery
Acathosis nigrans
Brown-black Poorly defined Velvety hyperpigmentation of the skin Body folds- posterior and lateral folds of NECK, AXILLA, GROIN, UMBILICUS, FOREHEAD Insulin resistance (increased insulin levels – spill over to the skin and cause hyperplasia of the skin)
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Chronic itchy clusters of blisters Linked with coeliac disease
Karposi sarcoma clinical features
tumour of the vascular and lymphatic epithelium associated with immunosuppression (HIV) clinical feature- purple cutaneous nodules
BCC (basal cell carcinoma)
the most common form of skin exposure sun-exposed sites slow-growing with low metastatic potential rolled edge umbicalated / ulceration talengectasia
types of BCC
- Nodular BCC: raised translucent papule. Usually affects the face. - Superficial BCC: superficial erythematous macule affecting the trunk. Spontaneous regression. Horizontal growth. - Morpheaform BCC: flat, slightly atrophic lesions, plaque without well-defined borders. Tumours have sub clinical lateral spread which increases recurrence rates - Cystic BCC: clear/blue-grey appearances. - Basosquamous carcinoma: atypical BCC basaloid histological BCC features with eosinophilic squamoid features of SCC
BCC investigation and treatment
Ix: punch biopsy Tx: surgical excision, topical chemotherapy, radiotherapy
SCC squamous cell carcinoma
caused by sun exposure, increased risk if immunosuppressed In situ Invasive Actinic
Malignant melanoma clinical features
Change in size, shape or colour >6mm Inflammation Oozing, bleeding Altered sensation
Malignant melanoma mx
Excision biopsy The lesion should be removed in completely as incision biopsy can make subsequent histopathological assessment difficult
Tinea clinical features
superficial fungal infection ring worm small-large well demarcated patchy itchy
Tinea management
antifungals topic/oral keep dry
Steven Johnson syndrome
Rash, macules Develops in papules, bullae erythema
Keloid scars
tumour like lesions that arise from the connective tissue of a scar beyond dimensions of the original wound mx: steroids
Impetigo clinical features
Paediatric skin condition Caused by staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogens Papule-vesicle rupture oozey honey coloured - gold crusted with surrounding erythema
Impetigo investigations and management
microbiological culture treatment: topical antibiotics, mupriocin, chlonotexidine. topical asidic acid? *can return to school once crusted or after 48hrs after starting antibiotics
Scarlet fever clinical features
sore throat, strawberry tongue, skin peeling
Measels clinical features
red papules on face, neck, shoulders kopliks spots- tiny, blue/white papules cough, malaise, fever URTI, coryza, conjunctivitis
Cellulitis clinical features
acute spreading infection of the skin with visually indistinct burdens. infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue erythema, swelling, pain and warmth, fever, chills, confusion
cellulitis investigation and management
FBC culture skin aspiration treatment: penicillin, cephalosporin, quinolone if purulent - vancomycin, flucloxacillin.
Scabies clinical features
mite sarcopies scabies which lays eggs in the stratum corneum severe itchiness (delayed IV hypersensitivity) lab- mites/eggs
Scabies management
pormethrin, malathon insect cream
neurofibromatosis
NF1 cafe au lait spots in axilla/groin, freckles (AD) NF2 bilateral vestibular schwannoma
psoriasis clinical features
a well-circumscribed erythematous lesion with silver scale/salmon pink found on extensor surfaces (elbows and knees) nail pitting
psoriasis management
topical meds- corticosteroids
vitiligo clinical features
autoimmune condition *links with DM, addisons, pernacious anaemia, alopecia loss of melanocytes. well demarcated hypopigmentation
vitilgo mx
sunblock cosmetic corticosteroids
erythema multiforme
target lesions central vesicle and bullae
Herpes Zoster Virus (shingles) (Ramsey Hunt)
Affects the first branch of the trigeminal nerve (opthalmic) painful, red, rash with fluid filled blisters
Urticaria clinical features
Hives wheals, pruritis, angioedema nettle rash allergy to food, insects, chemical
Urticaria investigation and treatment
Ix: skin prick test Treatment:
Eczema clinical features
inflammatory condition dry, itchy, scaling vesicles and papules fhx of atopy (asthma and hay fever)
Eczema investigation and treatment
clinical diagnosis, allergy testing, IgE, skin biopsy avoid triggers emollients, steroids, topical calcineurin severe- high potency steroids, calcineurin inhibitors, phototherapy
erysipelas
superficial cellulitis caused by Group A streptococcus butterfly rash
compartment syndrome clinical features
elevated interstitial pressure in a closed compartment (microvascular compromise) history of trauma, bleeding disorder P’s - pain, pressure, pallor, pulseless
compartment syndrome - investigation, differentials and treatment
Ix: compartment pressure measurement, serum creatinine, urine microglobin ddx: DVT, acute ischaemia, muscle tear tx: NSAIDS dressing release and support, fasoctomy, amputation.
contact dermatitis clinical features
eruption due to allergen (health care professionals) erythematous, well-circumscribed, asymmetrical whereas eczema is usually symmetrical
acne vulgaris clinical features
face/upper trunk/back blackheads (open comedone) white (closed comedone) treatment: tetracycline, topical retinoids
varicella (chickenpox)
water-drop on face / scalp the crust falls off and leaves a pink base fever and dyspnoea
rubella clinical features
pink macules and papules forehead, face, trunk then fades from the face and then body
mollocusum contagiosum
vesicles filled with millions of viruses can last up to 18-24 months
Roseaca
- symptoms / signs
- redness (blushing) across your nose, cheeks, forehead, and chin that comes and goes
- a burning or stinging feeling when using water or skincare products
other symptoms
- dry skin
- swelling, especially around the eyes
- yellow-orange patches on the skin
- sore eyelids or crusts around roots of eyelashes – this could be blepharitis
- thickened skin, mainly on the nose (usually appears after many years)
