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adult 2 > skin/bone > Flashcards

skin/bone Flashcards

1
Q

How does impaired circulation happen w casts

A

exothermic reaction from plaster= vasodilation= edema= impaired circulation

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2
Q

Whys osteomyelitis hard to treat

A 
a capsule (sequestrum) forms which is a ring of dead tissue w/o blood flow  
WBC and ESR elevated
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3
Q

2point gait
3 point
4 point
swing

A

2-crutch opposite of leg
3- both crutches w non weight bearing leg
4- r crutch, l foot, l crutch, R foot
swing- both crutches forward, swing foot past crutches

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4
Q

Whats Lupus

A

inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting JOINTS, BUTTERFLY RASH, renal, seizures, arrythmias, peri neuropathy

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5
Q

LUPUS dx

A

ANA 99%, RF 15-35, ^ESR, gamma globulin, decreased WBCs and PLTs

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6
Q

LUPUS meds

A

nsaids for arthalgia
antimalarials for inflammation
steroids for exacerbations
Immunosuppressive ctoxan, immuran

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7
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

MEN{NONinflammatory decrease in weight bearing cartilage

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8
Q

Osteoarthritis S/s

A

pain releived w rest, worse w activity, assymetric, herbeden (distal), bouchard ( prox), bow legged, one leg shorter

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9
Q

Osteoarthritis dx

A

synovial fluid has bone chips, cartilage is yellow

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10
Q

Osteoarthritis treatment

A

apply heat or cold to help pain/stiffness, intraarticular injections of corticosteroids for pain w effusion, hylauronic acid

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11
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

WOMEN{systemic autoimmune inflammatory, worse in morning

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12
Q

RA comps

A

ulnar deviation, swan neck, joint subluxulation, subq nodules

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13
Q

RA dx

A

^esr, rf, ana (inflammatory),

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14
Q

RA treatment

A

heat/cold for pain stiffness NOT in acute flares, antiinflammatory, antirheumatics (antimalarial, gold, penicillamine, sulfasalazine) if aggressive w erosions=dmards (immunosuppressant), systemic steroids to counteract flares, inject into problem joints

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15
Q

Knee replacement activity, Drainage,

A

more active than hip, cpm machine, 200ml 1st 8hrs, decrease to less than 25 ml 48hrs

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16
Q

Carpal tunnel phalen test

A

wrists together one minute

17
Q

Carpal tunnel tinels test

A

tap on medial nerve

18
Q

Incomplete fracture

A

bending/crushing

19
Q

Simple fracture

A

closed reduction

20
Q

comminuted

A

multiple pieces (open reduction)

21
Q

Open/ compound fracture

A

surgical debridement

22
Q

early movement with

A

open reduction w/ internal fixation

23
Q

skin traction, bucks

A

48-72 hrs until skeltal traction, bucks stops hip flexion, decreases muscle spasms

24
Q

Skeletal traction

A

long term keeps bones aligned w pins, wire

25
Q

Hip fracture s/s

A

external rotation, muscle spasms, shortening of leg, displaced femoral head=necrosis

26
Q

hip fracture post op

A

OOB day one, assess sense/function, keep pillow between legs 6 wks, anterior more stable post op; 350 ml drain 1st 24hrs

27
Q

After Hip replacement do NOT

A 
climb stairs (3mo)
flex hips>90 degrees (low chairs)
adduct, internal rotation, cross legs
28
Q

S/s of hip prosthesis dislocation

A

sudden pain, lump in butt, limb shortening, external rotation

29
Q

Osteoporosis

A

imbalance between osteoclasts &blasts, secondary to long term steroid therapy

30
Q

osteoporosis DX

A

DXA measures hip &spine density (accurate), Bone sonometer measures heel and peripheral sites (easy)

31
Q

Osteoporosis drugs

A

biphosphanates ( slow clasts,^bone mass), fosamax (empty stomach, upright 30min), calcitonin IM SQ Nasal, SERMS mimick estrogen in decreasing bone reasborption=hot flash, leg cramps

32
Q

repositioning chair vs bed

A

2hrs bed, 1hr chair

33
Q

stage two pressure ulcer

A

partial thickness, shallow pink wound bed OR intact/open blister w serum in it

34
Q

stage 3 pressure ulcer

A

full thickness tissue loss, subq fat, undermining, and tunneling

35
Q

stage 4 pressure ulcer

A

full thickness loss w exposed bone, tendon, or muscle, undermining, tunneling

36
Q

What to use to clean pressure ulcers

A

noncytoxics bc they dont damage fibroblasts

adult 2 (5 decks)

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