pulmonary

Question 1

tb drugs

Answer 1

isoniazaid (INH)
rifampin
pyrazinamide (PZA)
Ethambutol
(affect liver & kidneys, cant drink) neg 3x to clear

Question 2

Tension pneumothorax

Answer 2

air enters cant escape
increased pressure shifts heart
compresses good lung

Question 3

Thoracentesis vs chest tube

Answer 3

thoracentesis if stable, tube if not

Question 4

Simple pneumothorax (open and closed)

Answer 4

open- opening in chest wall

closed- internal, no wound

Question 5

If decreased, absent breath sounds=

Answer 5

reaccumulation of fluid/air

Question 6

Inspiration, chest cavity pressure ___ than atsmopheric pressure

Answer 6

less

Question 7

expiration , chest cavity pressure ___ than atsmopheric pressure

Answer 7

greater

Question 8

FEV1

Answer 8

obtain abg if less than 40%, peak flow used daily for asthma

Question 9

FVC

Answer 9

total effort, long exhale

Question 10

FEV1/FVC

Answer 10

used to dx

if less than 70% means chronic obstructive disease or resp failure

Question 11

Chronic bronchitis

Answer 11

productive cough 3month+ 2 consec yrs

Question 12

emphysema

Answer 12

permanent enlargement of airspace w destruction to walls= barrel chest

Question 13

COPD smoking effect

Answer 13

=decreased ciliary activity and dilation of distal airspace and destruction of alveolar walls
=hyperplasia=mucus production

Question 14

AAT

Answer 14

protects lung tissue during inflammation, deficiency = young copd

Question 15

Copd characterized by

Answer 15

irreversible airflow limitation during exhalation d/t loss of elastic recoil and airflow obstruction

Question 16

what happens if copd pt cant fully expire air

Answer 16

trapped air (barrel chest)=destroyed alveoli , bullae/blebs, hypoxemia

Question 17

Classic symptom COPD

Answer 17

dyspnea on exertion/rest

Question 18

How does Cor pulmonale happen w copd

Answer 18

alveolar hypoxemia=polycythemia=pulmonary vessel constriction=pulmonary htn=gets weak, fails

Question 19

COPD exacerbations

Answer 19

from infections=increased dyspnea, sputum volume and purulence
get flu vaccine

Question 20

copd meds for mild, moderate, and severe

Answer 20

mild- SABA, moderate-LABA & SABA, severe- Inhaled corticosteroids

Question 21

Pulmonary embolism s/s

Answer 21

substernal pain, dyspnea, rapid weak pulse

Question 22

PE interventions

Answer 22

administer O2, call MD, left side trendlenburg

Question 23

Fat embolism s/s

Answer 23

confusion &apprehension from hypoxia, restlessness, fever, ^HR/RR, dyspnea

Question 24

Fat embolism interventions

Answer 24

abg’s/pulse ox @ first sign of confusion, O2, call md