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Control Term Two > Skin and Sensory Receptors > Flashcards

Skin and Sensory Receptors Flashcards

1
Q

epidermis

A

outer epithelial layer

protection
basal layers fold to dermal papillae
4/5 layers

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2
Q

dermis

A

underlying connective tissue

thick, sensation, protection, thermal reg, nerves, blood supply

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3
Q

superficial fascia / hypodermis / subcutis

A

deep to the dermis is loose connective tissue
adipose
some skin appendages may reach it

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4
Q

thin skin has:

A

hair follicles

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5
Q

thick skin is:

A

glabrous - non-hairy, no sebaceous or apocrine glands)

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6
Q

epithelium of epidermis

A

keratinised, stratified, squamous epithelium

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7
Q

layers of skin from deep to superficial

A 
stratum basale
spinosum (prickle cell)
granulosum (granular)
lucidem 
corneum (keratin layer)
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8
Q

stratum basale

A

responsible for constant regeneration

single layer

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9
Q

stratum spinosum

A

lots of desmosomes which anchor cells to each other

thick tufts of intermediate filament (keratin)

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10
Q

stratum granulosum

A

lose nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles
keratinisation
lipid rich secretions which act as water sealant

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11
Q

stratum lucidem

A

thin transparent layer

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12
Q

stratum corneum

A

layer of dead cells

flattened squames filled with keratin

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13
Q

which layer is absent from thin skin?

A

stratum lucidem

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14
Q

3 non-epithelial cells

A

melanocytes
langerhans cells
merkel cells

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15
Q

melanocytes

A

pigment for skin

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16
Q

langerhans cells

A

immunological role

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17
Q

merkel cells

A

mechanoreceptors

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18
Q

basal cell carcinoma affects which layer

A

basal layer

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19
Q

squamous cell carcinoma affects which layer

A

granular/keratin layer

20
Q

malignant melanoma affects which layer

A

melanocytes in basal layer

21
Q

which is worst cancer to get?

A

malignant melanoma

22
Q

what are warts?

A

small rough lumps
HPV infection
underlying dermis and hypodermis

23
Q

features absent from thick skin

A

hair
sebaceous glands
apocrine sweat glands

24
Q

involved in development of acne

A

sebaceous glands produce excess sebum

25
Q

what are hair follicles?

A

long thin cylinderical shaft composed of keratin and arranged in an organised manner

function: thermoreg

26
Q

what are sebaceous glands?

A

secrete sebum into hair follicle provide waterproofing

27
Q

what are eccrine glands?

A

throughout skin
synthesise thin watery liquid
evaporation of sweat reduces body temp

28
Q

what are apocrine glands?

A

mainly in axilary and groin regions

no definite function

animal scent production

29
Q

what are erector pili muscles?

A

small smooth muscle bindles attached to hair follicles below sebaceous gland

contraction = hair stands up
standing up traps air = insulation
contraction can force sebum up protecting hair

30
Q

what is supplied sympathetically?

A

arrector pilli
eccrine (merocrine) - not attached to hair follicle
vessels - sym = contraction

31
Q

dermis is split into what layers

A

papillary

reticular

32
Q

papillary layer

A

superficial, loosely woven

33
Q

reticular layer

A

deeper, thicker, denser layer

34
Q

the epidermis and dermis interdigiate forming:

A

epidermal downgrowths: rete ridges

epidermal upgrowths: dermal papillae

35
Q

first degree burns

A

only epidermis

36
Q

second degree burns

A

epidermis and dermis

37
Q

third degree burns

A

all layers of the skin, epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

38
Q

what is a dermotome?

A

area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

39
Q

two sub groups of cutaneous sensory receptors

A

free nerve endings

encapsulated nerve endings

40
Q

free nerve ending functions

A

nocireceptors
thermoreceptors
mechanoreceptors

some associated with Merkel cells - basal layer
Merkel cell-neurite complexes act as mechanoreceptors to respond to pressure

41
Q

encapsulated nerve endings

A

mechanoreceptors - meissners, pacinian, ruffiani

42
Q

merkel cell-neurite complex

A

basal layer epidermis
slow
sustained touch/pressure

43
Q

pacinian corpuscle

A

deep in hypodermis -sole of feet
deep pressure or rapid vibration
rapid

44
Q

meissner’s corpuscle

A

dermal papillae of skin - fingertips, nipples, eyelids
rapid
changes in texture, pressure and vibration

45
Q

ruffini

A

dermis layer
slow
stretching, sheering

Control Term Two (25 decks)

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