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Control Term Two > Auditory Pathway > Flashcards

Auditory Pathway Flashcards

1
Q

External ears recieve what waves

A

sound

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2
Q

Middle ear receives what waves and turns to what

A

Sound -> mechanical

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3
Q

Inner ear receives what waves and turns to what

A

Mechanical -> electrical

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4
Q

Why is middle ear high risk space

A 
Connected to nasopharynx
Connected to mastoid air cells
Connected to IJV
Connected to IC artery
Traversed by chorda tympani and facial canal
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5
Q

two parts of temporal bone

A

petrous bone - hardest bone of entire body

squamous bone - flat

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6
Q

inner acoustic meatus has what through it

A

vestibulocochlear nerve

facial nerve

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7
Q

where does vestibulocochlear nerve terminate

A

in the petrous part of the temporal

the facial continues on and gives off some branches….

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8
Q

where does the chorda tympani go?

A

to the tongue

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9
Q

order of small bone hits

A

malleus to incus to stapes

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10
Q

electrolyte make up of perilymph

A

high in sodium
low in potassium
mainly made of ECF
allows formation of electrical potentials

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11
Q

what is the cochlear duct?

A 
'a water balloon'
membranous sac full of endolymph 
low in sodium
high in potassium
more like intracellular fluid
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12
Q

name of two chambers in cochlear duct

which is distal

A

scala vestibuli
scala tympani
vestibuli is on top

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13
Q

which window does energy waves go through and excess water go out?

A

in through oval

out through round

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14
Q

so which lymph effects which lymph

A

perilymph distorts the endolymph in the cochlear duct

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15
Q

roof of the cochlear

A

vestibular membrane

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16
Q

base of the cochlear

A

basement/basilar membrane

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17
Q

which layer has hair cells

A

basement/basilar

18
Q

what causes an influx of ions?

A

the cilia produce sheering forces which open ions channels which causes an influx of ions

19
Q

where are first order fibres contained

A

spiral ganglion - bipolar neuron

20
Q

what do the first order fibres go on to form

A

cochlear nerve which becomes part of vestibulocochlear

21
Q

where do the first order fibres enter the brain stem

A

cerebellopontine angle

22
Q

where do first order synapse with second order neuron

A

dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei

23
Q

where does vestibulocochlear go to

A

cochlear nuclei

24
Q

cochlear nuclei go where

A

superior olivary nucleus

25
Q

superior olivary nuclei go where

A

inferior colliculus

26
Q

inferior colliculus go where

A

medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus

27
Q

medial geniculate fibres go where

A

the temporal lobe

28
Q

where so many auditory centres?

A

Polysynaptic and bilateral

29
Q

what is bilateral in respect to hearing and how does it work

A

hearing on both sides so sound can be localised

does this via comparing timing and loudness

30
Q

from cochlear nuclei, how is the information distributed

A

to superior olivary nucleus via trapezoid body and slightly more goes to the right hand side

31
Q

what happens to information in the inf. colliculus

A

communication between both sides

32
Q

where and what is the primary auditory cortex

A

heschl’s gyrus deep in the sup. temporal lobe

33
Q

how does pitch work in the basilar membrane

A

apex responds to low pitch and sends this information to anterolateral part of heschl’s gyrus

34
Q

broca’s area

A

anterior - motor/production of words

35
Q

wernicke’s area

A

posterior - sensory/understanding

36
Q

secondary auditory areas

A

broca’s and wernicke’s

37
Q

which artery feeds broca’s and wernicke’s

A

middle cerebellar artery

38
Q

descending fibres pathways for auditory

A

from cochlear nuclei -> cochlear giving feedback

sup. olivary to stapedius and tensor tympani
inf. colliculus causes reflex head and eye movement

39
Q

Superior olivary nucleus sends motor fibres to what via what

Why

A

To stapedius via CNVII

To tensor tympani via CNV3

Prevents damage during loud noise

40
Q

Inf. colliculus sends motor fibres to what via what

Why

A

Reflex head and eye movements

CNIII, VI

Control Term Two (25 decks)

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