Basal ganglia

Question 1

functional basal ganglia

Answer 1

caudate nucleus
putamen
globus pallidus - interna&externa
subthalamus
substantia nigra:
pars compacts, pars reticulata

Question 2

what part of substantia nigra contains melanin?

Answer 2

Pars compacta

Question 3

What produces dopamine?

Answer 3

pars compacta

Question 4

Basal ganglia involved in

Answer 4

normal initiation, control and cessation of movement

as well as

cognitive processes and emotion

Question 5

Internal circuitry of basal ganglia

Answer 5

1. Cortex excites
2. Caudate + putamen =striatum
3. Inhibits globus pallidus interna, substantia nigra, pars reticula
4. inhibits thalamus
5. excites cortex

Question 6

The direct pathway + effect on movement

Answer 6

leads to excitation of the cortex from the thalamus

facilitates ongoing movement

Question 7

The indirect pathway

Answer 7

Leads to inhibition of the cortex from the thalamus

inhibits unwanted movement

Question 8

in terms of contraction and relaxation

Answer 8

direct contracts

indirect relaxes

Question 9

Role of substantia nigra, pars compacta

Answer 9

releases dopamine which modulates movement: to INITIATE movement

Question 10

how does substantia nigra initiate movement

Answer 10

two paths which BOTH release dopamine but act on different receptors

Question 11

substantia nigra has what effect on the receptors… what does this mean

Answer 11

excites the direct pathway

inhibits the indirect pathway which removes the inhibition, exciting the cortex