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BAMS Histology, Tooth Morphology, Head And Neck Anatomy > Skin And Mucous Membranes > Flashcards

Skin And Mucous Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 6 functions of skin.

A

Protection
Thermoregulation
Water regulation
Sensation
Absorption
Store and synthesis - vitD, fat, glucose, water, salt

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2
Q

What are the 3 basic skin layers?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous layer

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3
Q

Describe the structure of the epidermis?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium
Flat scale like cells
No blood vessels
4-5 layers

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4
Q

What is present on the surface of the skin?

A

A thick keratin layer

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5
Q

What is majority of the epidermis made up of?
What does it contain?

A

Stratum spinosum (prickle cell layer)
Contains desmosomes

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6
Q

What cell layer is only present in thick cells?

A

Stratum lucidum

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7
Q

Name the layers of epidermis. Outer to inner

A

Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

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8
Q

What is the stratum granulosum?

A

Cells become smaller and flatter due to there only being keratin and basic cell outline left

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9
Q

What makes up 95% of epidermal cells?

A

Keratinocytes (epithelial cells)

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10
Q

What are langerhans cells? (Present in epidermis)

A

Take antigens and present them to immune system

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11
Q

What do merkel cells do? (Present in epeidermis)

A

Sensory receptors

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12
Q

What do melanocytes do? (Present in epidermis)

A

Produce melanin

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13
Q

What cells are present in the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells
Melanocytes

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14
Q

Where does thick skin cover?

A

Palms of hands and soles of feet

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15
Q

Try to name the 9 things present in the dermis?

A

Fibroblasts
Macrophages
Few adipocytes
Nerve endings
Blood vessels
Glands
Smooth muscle (some areas)
Lymphatics
Hair follicles

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16
Q

What are fibroblasts?

A

Thin spindle shaped cells that produce collagen

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17
Q

What is the purpose of the papillary layer of the skin?

A

Holds epidermis and dermis together tightly

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18
Q

Where is the papillary layer of skin found?

A

Projects into intervals between epidermal ridges.

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19
Q

What is the papillary layer of skin supplied with?

A

Capillaries and nerve endings

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20
Q

What does the reticular layer of skin contain?

A

Dense connective tissues and fibre components

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21
Q

Name 5 causes of acne?

A

Change in hormones
Over production of sebrum
Infections
Diet
Smoking

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22
Q

Describe an example of an autoimmune condition that affects the skin?

A

Psoriasis
Primary skin is infected not mucous membranes

-rapid turnover of cells so thicker with more blood cells
From 10 to 7 days

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23
Q

Sign of psoriasis?

A

Inflammation causes red colour on skin

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24
Q

Describe pemphigus? An autoimmune condition that affects the skin.

A

One of the proteins that make up desmosomes and desmogein (protein) attach to antibodies and attack.

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25
Q

What does pemphigus look like in oral cavity?

A

Ruptures almost instantly
Painful raw areas in mouth

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26
Q

How to treat pemphigus? (Autoimmune skin condition)

A

Monoclonal antibodies

27
Q

Describe vitiligo?
(Autoimmune skin condition)

A

Antibodies formed against melanocytes in basal layer or melanocyte stimulating hormone

Loss of pigment of skin

28
Q

What are the 2 different types of skin cancer?

A

Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous call carcinoma

29
Q

Describe a squamous cell carcinoma.

A

Overexposure to sunlight
Uncontrolled growth of epithelial cells
Keratinocytes in the epidermis grow out of control and form tumour

30
Q

What type of skin cancer is slower in growth?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

31
Q

Describe a malignant melanoma.

A

Most dangerous skin cancer
Caused by sun/sun beds
More likely to develop if moles present or runs in family

32
Q

What is the first protective mechanism of the body in mouth?

A

Mucous membranes

33
Q

What is a mucous membrane?

A

Epithelial lining that produces mucous containing mucosa (sticky protein) that traps microbes, pathogens, dirt etc

34
Q

4 functions of the mucous membrane?

A

Protection
Secretion
Absorption
Sensation

35
Q

How does the mucous membrane protect?

A

From trauma, pathogens etc
It protects underlying tissues in oral/nasal cavity and oesophagus

36
Q

How does the mucous membrane secrete?

A

All mucous membranes contain some form of secretion
- in stomach it has a specific secretory function with production of acid and digestive enzymes.

37
Q

How does the mucous membrane absorb?

A

Ability to absorb substances important for drug delivery
In GIT they absorb nutrients and water from intestinal contents

38
Q

How does oral mucous membranes feel sensation?

A

has receptors for different types of sensation eg taste

39
Q

Describe the basic structure of the mucous membrane?

A

2 layers
- epithelium
- lamina propria (mucosae)

40
Q

Where are the layers of the lamina propria found?

A

Directly beneath the mucosal epithelium and it’s basement layers.

41
Q

What is the epithelium layer in mucous membranes?

A

Stratified squamous and basement membranes

42
Q

What is the lamina propria (mucosae) in the mucous membranes?
What does it contain?

A

Supportive areolar
Contains loose fibrous connective tissue and adipose tissue

43
Q

What is the mucosa constituted of?

A

Lamina propria mucosae and epithelium

44
Q

What cells does the lamina propria mucosae contain?

A

Fibroblasts
Immune cells
Lymph modules
Virtually lacking adipocytes

45
Q

What extracellular matrix does the lamina propria mucosae contain?

A

Collagen
Elastin fibres

46
Q

What is the trachea composed of?

A

Cillated, pseudostratified epithelium and an elastic, fibre rich lamina propria

47
Q

What does the small intestine have affinity for?

A

Absorb material from small intestine epithelium

48
Q

What enables small intestines to absorb?

A

Brush border

49
Q

What do goblet cells produce?

A

Mucin

50
Q

4 function of the oral mucosa?

A

Protection
Sensation
Secretion
Permeability and absorption

51
Q

How does the oral mucosa protect?

A

Barred to micro organisms

52
Q

How does the oral mucosa have sensation?

A

Receptors respond to touch, taste, pain etc

53
Q

How does the oral mucosa secrete?

A

Maintain a moist surface with salivary glands.

54
Q

How is the permeability and ability to absorb utilised in the oral mucosa?

A

Drug delivery

55
Q

What type of epithelium is in the oral mucosa?

A

Stratified squamous

56
Q

Describe the lining oral mucosa?

A

Buccal mucosa
Soft palate

57
Q

Describe the masticatory oral mucosa?

A

Hard palate

58
Q

What is the gustatory oral mucosa?

A

Tongue

59
Q

Describe the nucleus in an oral mucosa? (2)

A

Parakeratosis = dark dots of nuclei remains
Orthokeratosis = pure, no nuclei

60
Q

Is the oral mucosa keratinised or non keratinised ?

A

Can be both

61
Q

What 2 types of conditions can be found in mucous membranes?

A

Acquired
Congenital

62
Q

Give an example of a condition that affects the skin and mucous membrane.

A

Lichen planus

63
Q

What does cystic fibrosis affect?

A

Epithelial lining of respiratory and GIT and reproductive tracts
- salivary glands

BAMS Histology, Tooth Morphology, Head And Neck Anatomy (11 decks)

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