Cartilage And Bone Flashcards
Which component of cartilage is responsible for conferring significant compression strength?
Chondroitin sulphate
Trabeculae are lined externally by a calliper layer known as what?
Endosteum
What physiological process drives osteoclastogenesis in conditions such as periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis?
Inflammation
What cell type differentiates from immune cell lineage?
Osteoclasts
What cell type is involved in bone restoration?
Osteoclasts
Function of skeletal connective tissues.
Form skeleton
Form strong framework so support and protect body and facilitate movement.
Name and describe the 3 types of cartilage?
Hyaline = connects ribs to sternum
Contains articular cartilage. (lines bones at joints
Elastic = external ear or epiglottis (lap of tissue under tongue or back of throat)
Fibrocartilage = forms lad that connects and protects individual vertebrae
Describe the appendicular part of skeleton.
Function: facilitate movement
Contains bones of limbs (arms, legs)
Provide attachment site for muscles
When muscles contract they pull on bone
Describe the axial part of the skeleton?
Function: protect organs
Composed the head, vertebrae and ribs
Name the 3 main components of connective tissue
Ground substance
Fibres
Cells
GS+ fibres = extracellular matrix
Why is the extracellular matrix firm and glassy?
Due to predominance of chondroitin sulphites in GS
(Compression strength)
Function of chondroitin sulphates?
Provide resistance to compression
All cartilage are avascular.
What does this mean and what does it result in?
No blood vessels
Results in poor heeling or no heeling
All exchange of nutrients must occur by diffusion in and out of cartilage
What type of fibres does cartilage contain?
Collagen
Elastin fibres
What type of cells does cartilage contain?
What is there function?
Chondroblasts
Chondrocytes
Function: synthesise or secrete extracellular (cartilage) matrix
Also maintain it
Features of hyaline cartilage.
•Abundant GS
•Gives rise to smooth gel like tissue (lubricate joints)
•Tough but flexible (compression strength)
•Full of collagen fibres
What are lacunae?
Small chamber in matrix becomes occupied by one or more chondrocyte
Where does the chondrocytes live?
Lacunae
what type of cartilage is the outer perichondrium present?
hyaline
what is the function of the perichondrium?
growth and maintenance of cartilage
attach cartilage to other various tissue
what is the difference between hyaline and articular cartilage?
hyaline has an outer perichondrium and articular doesn’t.
where are chondroblasts found in cartilage?
the inner layer of perichondrium
what happens when chrondroblasts synthesise and secrete cartilage matrix?
they become completely embedded and surrounded by the matrix (essentially trapped)
what happens after chondroblasts become completely embedded in the matrix?
new ones synthesise new matrix and cells are pushed towards centre of cartilage, once they are encased they have to stop secreting new matrix as it has no where to go
this is mature chondrocytes and they maintain the matrix
what is a mature form of chondroblast called?
chondrocyte
what is elastic cartilage and what does it provide?
flexible, avascular connective tissue that provides support and resistance to compression.
what does elastic cartilage contain?
perichondrium, chondrocytes and lacunae
lots of elastic fibres
where is elastic cartilage found?
outer ear and epiglottis
where is fibrocartilage found?
in pads between spinal vertebrae
what does fibrocartilage do?
attach and connect vertebrae
limit movement of spine
features of fibrocartilage.
tough and durable
chondrocytes arranged in rows
donated by irregular dense collagen fibres
what does the ground substance of bone tissue contain?
chondroitin sulphate
hyaluronic acid etc
(GS is a small component in bone)