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BAMS Histology, Tooth Morphology, Head And Neck Anatomy > Connective Tissues > Flashcards

Connective Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most abundant tissue in the body?

A

Connective tissues

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2
Q

What is the function of connective tissues?

A

Provide structural and functional support to other tissues and organs they comprise

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3
Q

Give examples of connective tissues? (6)

A
  1. Bone - structural integrity
  2. Cartilage - protect joints, structural integrity
  3. Tendons and ligaments - connect muscle to bone, protect joints
  4. Adipose tissues - energy source
  5. Mesentery - connects intestine to abdomen
  6. Layers under skin & around organs - support
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4
Q

What 3 features define connective tissue?

A

Ground substance
Fibres
Cells

(1+2= extracellular matrix)

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5
Q

What differs in the arrangement of cells in epithelial and connective tissues.

A

In connective tissues cells are separated by the extracellular matrix

I’m epithelial tissues cells are tightly bound

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6
Q

What does the extracellular matrix do in connective tissues ?

A

Provides structural and biochemical support to the cell.

Most mass comes from ECM

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7
Q

Describe the ground substance.

A
  • clear semi solid gel
  • provides biochemical support
  • composed of glycoproteins and complex carbs (hyaluronic acid/ glucosamine)
  • water binding ability
  • provides tissue volume
  • supports intracellular exchange of substances
    = substances produced by one cell can diffuse through GS to reach nearby cells
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8
Q

Describe fibres.

A

Function: provide structural support and tensile strength
2 types = collagen & elastin

Both secreted into ECM by connective tissues

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9
Q

What is collagen?

A

Strongest & most abundant provide tensile strength

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10
Q

What is elastin?

A

Long and branched
Provides stretch and recoil ability

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11
Q

Describe the collagen alpha helix in connective tissues.

A

1 collagen molecule forms alpha helix with 3 more to form triple helix structure.

Numerous of these join together to form individual collagen fibrils and numerous fibrils come together to form collagen fibre

VERY STRONG

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12
Q

How many types of collagen is there?

Describe the main 3.

A

28

1.found in fibrous tissues (dermis of the skin, tendons, ligaments, bone)
2.hyaline cartilage
3.delicate branched ‘reticular’ network found in highly cellular organs (liver)

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13
Q

What does elastin do and where is it found?

A

Confers elasticity to tissues

Found in large amounts in:
Skin
Lungs
Blood vessels
Bladder

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14
Q

What is the function of a fibroblast?

A

-synthesise ECM
-most common type of connective tissue cells
-give rise to more specialised cells
-secrete fibres/components of GS

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15
Q

What is the function of odontoblasts?

A

Synthesise ECM

synthesise Dentin in teeth

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16
Q

What is the function of adipocytes?

A

Maintain ECM in adipose tissue

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17
Q

What is the function of Osteoclasts?

A

Recycle (breakdown) the ECM in bone

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18
Q

What is the function of osteoblasts and osteocytes?

A

Secrete and maintain mineralised ECM in the bone

19
Q

Why are connective tissues described as highly vascularised?

What are the exceptions?

A
  • have lots of blood vessels and lymphatics going through tissue
  • have immune cells, survey tissues for invading pathogens/cells damage

Exceptions - cartilage, tendons and ligaments

20
Q

Why is it difficult for cartilage, tendons and ligaments to repair?

A

Cartilage = no blood vessels

Tendons/ Ligaments= very few blood vessels

21
Q

What is dense connective tissue made up of?
Give 3 examples.

A

Mostly fibres

Regular
Irregular
Elastic

22
Q

What is loose connective tissue made up of?

3 examples

A

Mostly ground substance

Areolar
Adipose
Reticular

23
Q

What is connective tissues proper?

A

Category of diverse structure and functions

Loose or dense depending on arrangement of fibres

24
Q

What is areolar tissue and where is it found?

A

Universal packing material - supports and binds other tissues

Found beneath skin, submucosa and surrounding capillaries

25
Q

What can areolar tissue contain?

A

Collagen and elastin fibres

Immune cells

26
Q

Functions of adipose tissue and where is it found?

A

Function: energy store, shock absorption, insulation

Found deep beneath skin, breast, in abdomen, finger and foot pads

Contains collagen fibres

27
Q

What is reticular connective tissue?

A

Delicate branched network (type 3 collagen) providing internal structure to highly cellular organs eg. Liver, lymph nodes, spleen.

28
Q

What is dense regular connective tissue?

A

Closely packed collagen fibres running in same direction

29
Q

What does dense regular connective tissue provide and where is it found?

A

Tensile strength and stability to joints

Found in tendons and ligaments

30
Q

What is dense irregular connective tissue and what does it provide?

A

Closely packed interwoven fibres running in different directions

Provides strength in different planes

31
Q

Where is dense irregular connective tissue found and what does it form?

A

Found in dermis of skin, forms protective capsule around organs

32
Q

What is elastic connective tissue?

A

Dense regular tissue dominated by elastic fibres

33
Q

What does elastic connective tissue allow and where is it found?

A

Allows tissues to recoil after stretching

Found in arteries, skin, lungs, and underlying transitional epithelium

Packed full of elastic fibres

34
Q

What causes scurvy and what does it lead too?

A

Lack of vitamin C

Leading to defective collagen formation
Loss of teeth, skin haemorrhages, death

35
Q

Who is likely to get scurvy and what is the treatment for it? Yea

A

Alcoholics, children, elderly (malnutrition)

Treatment: citrus fruits, tomatoes, vit c supplements

36
Q

What is the structure of collagen and how does it arise?

A

Triple helix structure

Arises from unusual abundance of 3 amino acids:
Glycine
Proline
Hydroxyproline

37
Q

What would happen without collagens structural support?

A

Blood vessels, tendons and skin would become fragile.

38
Q

What happens if there is a lack of vit C in collagen chains?

A

Collagen chains aren’t sufficiently hydroxylated and they can’t fork alpha helix chains.

39
Q

Name 2 connective tissues disorders with oral manifestations?

A

Systemic lupus erythematosis
Sjogren’s

40
Q

What is systemic lupus erythematosis?

A

Autoimmune disease - antibodies target host tissues

41
Q

Oral symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosis?

A

Dryness and soreness

Oral manifestations include buccal and palatial lesions

42
Q

What tissues does systemic lupus erythematosis attack?

A

Skin
Bones
Tendons
Kidneys

Unnecessarily destroys them

43
Q

What is Sjogrens?

A

Autoimmune disease
Autoantibodies affect glands that produce tears and saliva

44
Q

Symptoms of sjogrens?

A

Dry eyes and mouth

Oral manifestations = increased dental caries and candidiasis (fungal disease)

BAMS Histology, Tooth Morphology, Head And Neck Anatomy (11 decks)

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