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BAMS Histology, Tooth Morphology, Head And Neck Anatomy > Intro To Histology > Flashcards

Intro To Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 mains tissue types?

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

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2
Q

Describe the function of nervous tissue and give an example.

A

Carries information throughout the body via electrical impulses

eg. Nerves

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3
Q

Describe the function of muscle tissue and give an example.

A

Specialised for contraction

Eg. Cardiac cells

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4
Q

Describe the function of connective tissue and give examples.

A

Provide structural and functional support

Eg. Cartilage and bone

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5
Q

Describe the function of epithelial tissue and give an example.

A

Barrier and lining tissue

Eg. Skin

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6
Q

Describe features of a reticulin stain.

A

Stains reticulin fibres blue black
(Component of connective tissue)

Often combined with h&e

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7
Q

Describe features of van gieson stain.

A

Stains collagen red

Stains nuclei, erythrocytes and cytoplasm yellow

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8
Q

Describe features of alcian blue.

A

Stains mucin and cartilage blue

Can be combined with other stains eg H&E

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9
Q

Describe creatures of Immunohistochemistry

A

Antibodies required to identify substance
Uses antibody specificity for antigen
Antibody conjugated to an indicator
(Enzymatic or fluorescent)

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10
Q

What is an antigen?

A

Molecule that binds to antibody to reveal components

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11
Q

Describe features of Masson trichrome stain.

A

Different colours depending on tissue

Purple = epithelial (nuclei and basophillic structure)
Green/blue = collagen, connective tissue
Red = cytoplasm, muscle, keratin, red blood cells

Differentiates different types of cells

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12
Q

Describe features of a periodic acid-shiff reaction. (PAS)

A

Stains complex carbs magenta
Can be combined with H&E

Mucins produced by goblet cells, brush borders and basement membranes are PAS-positive

Dark stain = packed with carbs

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13
Q

Describe features of Haematoxylin and Eosin stain (H&E)

A

Most common stain
Flexible

H= basic dye so stains acid blue/purple (nucleic acids)
E= acidic dye so stains basic red/pink
(Cytoplasmic proteins)

Binds to nucleus and cell dense areas = darker stain

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14
Q

Define histology and pathology.

A

Histology is the study of normal cells & tissues

Pathology is the study of diseased cells & tissues

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15
Q

Describe differences between light microscopy and electron microscopy.

A

LM = reveals basic cell structure, resolution isn’t as strong, can see wider view, compatible with stains, cheaper

EM =reveals ultra structure, view higher magnification

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16
Q

Why must steps be reversed during staining?

A

Most stains for LM are aqueous
Therefor not compatible with paraffin

Reverse steps of dehydration replace paraffin wax with water

17
Q

Describe staining.

A

Makes cell and components visible

Lots of methods available for LM

Allows for identification of different cells and tissue features

18
Q

Describe sectioning.

A

Important so tissues can be visualised under microscope

Sectioned using microtome

Sections placed on glass slides
Should be transparent

19
Q

Describe embedding.

A

Supports tissue allowing thin sections to be cut without disturbing structure

Resin/ paraffin wax usually used
-paraffin not compatible with alcohol
Therefor alcohol replaced with xylene

20
Q

Describe dehydration.

A

Paraffin is not compatible with water but can react so has to be gradually dehydrated with ethanol.

Prevents distortion

Water removed using series of graded alcohols

21
Q

Describe fixation.

A

Preserves structural arrangement of cells and extracellular components

  • terminates all biochemical reactions ie. Inhibits enzyme to stop degrading tissue & prevents microbial growth

Eg formaldehyde of glutaraldehyde

22
Q

Describe specimen collection.
(3)

A

1) incision/ punch biopsy = skin of oral surfaces, used when it’s accessible

2) needle biopsy = organs or lumps below skin - used when not visible

3) endoscopic biopsy = colon, bladder, lung etc.
flexible tube with light and camera cutting tools used to collect skin specimen

23
Q

Name the 7 steps required for microscopy?

A

1) specimen collection
2) fixation
3) dehydration
4) embedding
5) sectioning
6) viewing
7) staining

24
Q

What are the 4 main bio molecules of cells?

A

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
DNA/RNA

BAMS Histology, Tooth Morphology, Head And Neck Anatomy (11 decks)

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