Skin and Mucosa Infections Flashcards

Question

Syphilis:

Answer 1

Treponema pallidum, a bacterial spirochete can be seen with dark feild microscopy but cannot be gram stained Will not culture Disease happens in stages - primary, secondary, and tertiary Diagnosis - clincal presentation + history + serology serology - non-specific tests VDRL or RPR - specific tests - FTA or MHA-TP, ELISAs previous method was to start with RPR and due a specific test to confirm (if RPR was +) Now - you start with a specific test and follow up with a RPR, if both are + then its active disease Serology must be interpreted with presentation and history because antibodies are present even after a patient is treated

Answer 2

Painless, sore, ulcer or lesion (aka chancre) develops on genitals and lasts a few days slow development, regional lymph node swelling lesion often goes unnoticed in women highly infectious, disease is transmissible lesions heals with or without treatment

Answer 3

Develops a few weeks after untreated primary syphilis Flu-like symptoms caused by the dissemination of treponemes - fatigue, fever etc characteristic maculopapular skin rashes (through out the body, in DPR on palms, in pic on ankles) lesions resolve and ensues a long latency period

Answer 4

Usually preceded by a multi-year latency Nodular skin lesions and gummas Cardiovascular - aortic aneurysms Neurosyphilis - blindness, insanity, spinal cord damage (tabes dorsalis), ataxic, shuffling gain and paresis Gumma: A necrotic granuloma of tertiary syphilis

Answer 5

Haemophilus ducreyi, gram - bacillus more common in tropical parts of the world Causes soft, painful chancres on genitals plus buboes - unlike syph it's not systemic Dx: appearance of pink bacilli from a pt sample + culture on chocolate agar

Answer 6

aka “Donovanosis” Caused by Klebsiella granulomatis Encapsulated, intracellular, gram-neg. rod, lactose fermenter common in Papua New Guinea, Caribbean, S. America, India, S. Africa, Australia and Vietnam disease begins as subQ nodules that erode into painless granulomatous ulcerations that bleed easy Dx - donovan bodies (the bacteria) seen in host cells - Giemsa stain; pathognomonic

Answer 7

Chlamydia trachomatis Very rare, tropical & sub-tropical Chief complaint(s) are swollen and tender inguinal area (skin and nodes) + malaise Like syphilis theres a primary painless ulcer/papule Occurs mostly in men confined to columnar epithelial cells in the genital tract and eye; infect macrophages and spread to regional lymph nodes

Answer 8

papovavirus family, circular double-stranded DNA anogenital warts, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in malignancies the viral DNA is integrated in to host genome cervical carcinoma associated with types 16, 18, 6 and 11. First two highest risk. (vaccine) path findings - Koilocytic atypia w/ halo physical finding - Condyloma accuminata

Answer 9

motile, pear-shaped protozoan parasite, vaginalis trophozoite with multiple flagella pathogenesis - itchy, malodorous, yellow-green vaginal discharge. Cervix is highly erythematous, vaginal inflammation is possivle asymptomatic in men Dx - wet mount prep and loos for motile trichomonads or "whiff test"

Answer 10

for diagnosing Trich mixing a swab of vaginal fluid with a 10% potassium hydroxide solution - smelling it, strong amine odor indicates trickomoniasis or bacterial vaginosis

Answer 11

Gardnerella vaginalis, gram-variable rod. Associated with increased numbers (further assoc with disbalance of lactobacilli) could also be caused by Mobiluncus, characterized - malodorous vaginal discharge and "clue cells" clue cell - squamous epithelial cell encircled by myriad of small rod-like bacteria Risk factors - multiple sex partners, cigarette smoking, poor nutrition, douching, using IUD, bad personal hygiene

Answer 12

2 serotypes of herpes simplex virus: types 1 & 2 HSV-2 -- multiple vesicular/ulcerative-type lesions of the genital tract large, enveloped virus dsDNA painful lesion with flu-like symptoms Dx - history and clincal presention, Tzanck smear (multinucleated giant cells), isolation of virus from patient sample and serotyping and DNA probe analysis of patient sample

Answer 13

Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a gram-neg, dipplococci grows only on chocolate agar, ferments only glucose, oxidase + antigenic variation, IgA protease may be asymptomatic - especially in women Causes thick, yellow-green discharge and itching or burning on urination (urethritis) > septic arthritis, PID, pustular skin lesions, and in rare cases - Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome (infection of liver capsule) neonatal conjunctivitis - baby through infected birth canal

Skin and Mucosa Infections Flashcards

Gram +. Helminths, Parasites (37 cards)